5-Fluorouracil-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan blend nanofibers: morphology, drug release and cell culture studies
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
5‑Fluorouracil‑loaded poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan blend nanofibers: morphology, drug release and cell culture studies Rashin Eshghi Esfahani1 · Payam Zahedi1 · Reza Zarghami1 Received: 14 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 © Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute 2020
Abstract Electrospun polymeric nanofibers as carriers for anticancer drugs have received a great deal of attention to treat tumor cells. This work was aimed to prepare an optimized nanofibrous sample based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/chitosan (CS) blend, and then evaluate it containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in terms of morphology, drug release, and cell culture. The electrospinning conditions to produce PVA/CS (50/50) blend nanofibers with an average diameter of approximately 150.8 nm were adjusted as follows: applied voltage 17 kV, needle tip to collector distance 60 cm, and flow rate 0.1 mL/h. The obtained results from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that there were no chemical interactions between the polymers and drug during the electrospinning process and the uniform morphology without beads. Moreover, to prolong 5-FU release from the blend nanofibers, three layered samples consisting of PVA/ CS blend and poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) [PVA/CS-PCL 3-layers] were electrospun. On the other hand, by adding PCL in the PVA/CS blend nanofibers, the samples showed more hydrophobic property. Eventually, thiazolyl blue (MTT) assay along with NIH 3T3 cells culture proved that the sample could kill more than 80% of the cells. This formulation could be a promising candidate for cancer therapy potentially. Keywords Nanofiber · Chitosan · Poly (vinyl alcohol) · Fluorouracil · Drug release · Cancer
Introduction Cancer is known as one of the major causes of people mortality worldwide [1], and thus gained significant attention by scientists. A series of common therapies for this fatal disease are surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy [2]. Although these methods have been employed for many years, they lead to considerable defects and side effects for the patients [3]. Surgery strategy for tumor removal followed by chemotherapy are the most effective methods for solid tumors so far [4]. Amid the chemotherapy drugs, 5-flourouracil (5-FU) as the most important derivative of uracil [5], is widely used for treatment of cancer cells in breast [6, 7], colon [8, 9], ovary [10], neck and head [11]. The successful mechanism of this drug in killing tumor cells is the consequence of the fact that biosynthesis of nucleic acid in tumor is done by the use of uracil [12]. Substitution of halogen elements on * Payam Zahedi [email protected] 1
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box, 11155‑4563 Tehran, Iran
the fifth position of uracil can change its biological features seriously [13]. Despite the extensive use of this drug and its great effectiveness, it has a considerable defect including very short half-life (6–20 min), which needs to re
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