5-Input majority gate based optimized full adder circuit in nanoscale coplanar quantum-dot cellular automata
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
5‑Input majority gate based optimized full adder circuit in nanoscale coplanar quantum‑dot cellular automata Md. Abdullah‑Al‑Shafi1 · Md. Shariful Islam1 · Ali Newaz Bahar2,3 Received: 24 February 2020 / Accepted: 28 May 2020 © Islamic Azad University 2020
Abstract Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is one of the alternative nanotechnologies that empower nanoscale circuit models with high performance and minimal energy depletion features. In this study, design for a 5-input majority gate (MV5) is proposed. The reported design requires a smaller number of cells, lower time delay, less design cost, and area. The precision of this 5-in MV is confirmed by the theoretical validation, and the QCADesigner simulation engine is applied for proving the majority circuit with functionality. In addition, an optimized full adder (FAd) circuit is designed to consider the appropriateness of the proposed ( MV5). The outcomes exhibit that the designed full adder performs reliably well associated with contemporary multi-layer layouts, and executes well in the case of existing coplanar FAd circuits in all sides. The designed FAd obtains an improvement of 20% in terms of covered extent, 35% in cell extent, 32% in cell intricacy, 58% in delay, and 20% in cost correspondingly, as compared to its best counterpart. QCAPro, an energy valuation tool, is employed to assess the power consumption of the reported designs. The outcomes in this work corroborate that the hardware prerequisite for a QCA design is decreased, and circuits become simpler in gate counts and clock segments by considering the proposed design. Keywords Nanoelectronics · Quantum-dot cellular automata · Majority gate · Full adder (FAd) · QCAPro
Introduction Traditional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) archetype has regulated our nanotechnology industry for over past decades; besides, it has sustained to be an effective replacement than preceding technologies [1, 2]. However, gradually a day will come when traditional CMOS technology of circuit designing will attain its shortcoming, and we will have to move to a contemporary technology [3]. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) presents all images of becoming a dominant and improved substitute for the traditional CMOS archetype [4, 5]. In 1993, Lent et al. [1] * Md. Abdullah‑Al‑Shafi [email protected] 1
Institute of Information Technology (IIT), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
3
Department of Information and Communication Technology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
presented QCA, and it was physically demonstrated in the year 1997 [1]. CMOS archetype is rigid to improve further due to limitations caused by short channel effect and continues to diminish the scope of gate oxides at the nanoscale. Moreover, there are far more scaling limitations in CMOS archetype [3–5]. Several researches are employed on devising
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