60-GHz CMOS Phase-Locked Loops
The promising high data rate wireless applications at millimeter wave frequencies in general and 60 GHz in particular have gained much attention in recent years. However, challenges related to circuit, layout and measurements during mm-wave CMOS IC design
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Hammad M. Cheema Reza Mahmoudi Arthur H. M. van Roermund l
60-GHz CMOS Phase-Locked Loops
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Hammad M. Cheema Eindhoven University of Technology Electrical Engineering Den Dolech 2 5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands [email protected]
Reza Mahmoudi Eindhoven University of Technology Electrical Engineering Den Dolech 2 5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands [email protected]
Dr. Arthur H. M. van Roermund Eindhoven University of Technology Dept. Electrical Engineering Eindhoven Netherlands [email protected]
ISBN 978-90-481-9279-3 e-ISBN 978-90-481-9280-9 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-9280-9 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010930220 # Springer ScienceþBusiness Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com)
Contents
1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2
Synthesizer System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 IEEE 802.15.3c Channelization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 60 GHz Frequency Conversion Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Proposed PLL Architecture: Flexible, Reusable, Multi-frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 Utilization in WiComm Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 System Analysis and Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1 Phase-Lock Loop Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.2 Frequency Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.3 Synthesizer Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 System Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Target Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11 13 14
Layout and Measurements at mm-Wave Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Layout Problems and Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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