A Clipless Pedal-Sensor System for Three Dimensional Kinetic Analysis During Cycling
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A Clipless Pedal‑Sensor System for Three Dimensional Kinetic Analysis During Cycling Kai‑Han Liang1 · Hong‑Wen Wu2 · Li‑Cheng Hsieh1 · Yi‑Wen Chang3 Received: 2 June 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 © Taiwanese Society of Biomedical Engineering 2020
Abstract Purpose A Clipless Pedal-Sensor System for three-dimensional kinetic analysis of the lower limb during cycling exercise has been designed and validated. Method This system is designed for measuring three-dimensional propulsion forces during cycling when wearing a shoe cleat. To compare the dynamic measured forces from the system and the applied forces from the material testing machine, the system has a high linearity and little offset (coefficient of determination, r2 > 0.99). The three-dimensional propulsion forces, ankle and knee joint loading during cycling by a subject in the university team were demonstrated. Results During cycling, the ankle and knee compression forces were around 5 N/kg for each joint. The ankle plantar-flexor and knee flexor moments were 0.6 N-m/kg for both joints. Conclusion In future studies, the lower limb kinetics during cycling can be analyzed throughout this clipless pedal-sensor system and the parameters of the bike setup, such as seat height or crank length, can be further investigated when cyclists wear the shoes cleat. Keywords Clipless pedal · Cycling · Kinetics
1 Introduction Cycling has become a popular exercise in recent years since it is environmentally friendly and is a good source of aerobic exercise to enhance cardiopulmonary endurance. Cycling performance might be affected by factors, such as the cycling environment, bike mechanics and biomechanical factors [1, 2]. Several muscles are involved in cycling exercises, including the gluteal muscles, quadriceps, hamstrings, pretibial muscles and gastrocnemius. Sports injuries resulting from cycling can be caused by poor cycling posture, improper warm-up or overuse. Some injuries have been reported in previous studies, such as anterior knee pain, patellar tendinitis, iliotibial band syndrome * Li‑Cheng Hsieh [email protected] 1
Department of Bio‑Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
2
Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
3
Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
stress fracture, and compartment syndrome [3, 4]. Research investigating cycling biomechanics would be beneficial to understand the joint loading of the lower limbs during cycling and the possible mechanism of cycling injuries, as well as quantifying cycling performance. To analyze the lower limb biomechanics during cycling, the precise measures of the pedal force and moment is essential. An ergometer and strain gage has been installed to measure the pedaling force during cycling in previous studies [5–8]. The joint force and moments of the lower limbs could then be calculated when collecting pedaling force data. Howe
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