A comprehensive analysis of the psychometric properties of the contingencies of self-worth scale (CSWS)
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A comprehensive analysis of the psychometric properties of the contingencies of self-worth scale (CSWS) Enrico Perinelli 1 & Guido Alessandri 2
&
Michele Vecchione 3 & David Mancini 2
# The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale (CSWS) is a widely used personality self-report questionnaire developed for measuring the domains in which self-esteem is sustained by successes and achievements as well as threatened by obstacles and failures. Two studies (Nstudy1 = 453, Nstudy2 = 293) aimed to further refine our knowledge of its psychometric properties. Results attested that, at the first-order level, the originally hypothesized seven-factor model proved to be the best-fitting one, but the inclusion of a method factor significantly improved the fit to the data. At the second-order level, the model with two higher-order variables representing private sphere and public sphere of CSW fit better than alternative models. Finally, there was evidence that first- and second-order domains had a good degree of construct and discriminant validity. Overall, these studies provided a step forward in refining the psychometric structure of the CSWS. Keywords Contingencies of self-worth scale . Self-esteem . Method factor . Higher-order model . Second-order model
People differ about the domains they regard as relevant for their self-worth. Some students, for example, might base their self-esteem on scholastic activities, leading to a strong relationship of school achievement with self-esteem. Other students, instead, might invest more in social relationships or physical appearance. For them, the relationship between school achievement and self-esteem is expected to be very weak or nonsignificant. Indeed, according to James (1890), feelings of personal worth are entirely dependent on one’s objectives in the world and thus on one’s achievements in
Enrico Perinelli and Guido Alessandri should be considered co-first authors. They contributed equally to this work and the order of their names was arbitrary. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01007-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Guido Alessandri [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
2
Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
3
Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
valued domains. Drawing upon James’s intuition, Crocker and Wolfe (2001) introduced the construct of contingencies of self-worth and defined them as “the domains in which selfesteem is bolstered by successes and achievements, and threatened by setbacks and failures” (Crocker et al. 2003, p. 894). Accordingly, when people are faced with negative events in a specific valued domain, defensive responses or clear reductions to self-esteem levels are expected (see Crocker et al. 2003). To assess the hypothesized se
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