A comprehensive review of cooperative MIMO WSN: its challenges and the emerging technologies
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A comprehensive review of cooperative MIMO WSN: its challenges and the emerging technologies Sarah Asheer1
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Sanjeet Kumar1
Accepted: 16 November 2020 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The distributed nodes of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) cooperate among themselves to emulate a virtual multiantenna system to get similar benefits as the conventional MIMO systems. In WSN, such a system is known as the Cooperative Multiple Input Multiple Output (CMIMO) system. A CMIMO system has an enormous capacity to improve the performance of a WSN. But the increasing demand in the data rate and the desired Quality of Services (QoS), necessitates a revival in the way CMIMO was originally perceived in the early 1990s. Therefore, this article identifies several emerging supportive technologies such as the Compressive Sensing (CS), Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT), over the air computation, etc. which can be integrated to the CMIMO framework for enhancing the network performance in terms of throughput, delay, Energy Efficiency (EE), etc. The inclusion of these novel ideas necessitates further exploration of CMIMO in WSN along with its associated challenges and their possible solutions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of a CMIMO WSN along with its challenges which have been classified based on the layers of the protocol stack. Since energy efficiency is a key concern in a WSN having scarce energy resources, the energy-saving techniques have been discussed in detail. Further, challenges and open issues have also been highlighted which opens up new research direction in the area. Keywords Wireless sensor network Cooperative multiple input multiple output Energy efficiency Compressive sensing Spatial modulation Over the air computation
1 Introduction Owing to its diverse application, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) continues to be a major thrust area in the field of wireless communications. A typical WSN comprises of a group of spatially distributed autonomous nodes that perform an assigned task which includes sensing, computations, and transmission. These operations are performed by nodes which are small battery-powered devices having limited computation and processing capabilities. Moreover, the nodes are often deployed in inaccessible areas having critical channel conditions. In such a scenario, the node or & Sarah Asheer [email protected] Sanjeet Kumar [email protected] 1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BIT Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
its battery replacement becomes almost impossible. Therefore, energy is of prime concern in the design of an efficient WSN. Among innumerable energy-saving techniques, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) is a well-known technique which enhances the network performance. Due to its high data rate, greater energy savings, and reliability, MIMO continues to be an integral part of many emerging technologies [1]. A convent
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