Comprehensive review on pyrolytic oil production, upgrading and its utilization
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REVIEW
Comprehensive review on pyrolytic oil production, upgrading and its utilization Ashish Pawar1 · N. L. Panwar1 · B. L. Salvi2 Received: 17 June 2019 / Accepted: 24 May 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Utilization of fuel oil from biomass (i.e., bio-oil) reduces emission of greenhouse gases. This paper discusses the different pyrolyis processes, physiochemical properties of pyrolysis products, upgrading techniques for safe storage and application in transportation and industrial activities. The production of bio-oil is challenging and requires inclusion of modern technologies. Pyrolysis plays a key role in the production of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels from biomass. About 60–65% yield of bio-oil produced through the pyrolysis process using fluidized bed reactor has been reported. Among the all pyrolysis technologies vacuum pyrolysis was found a well suitable not only for bio-oil production, but also for improving the physicochemical properties of biochar such as surface area, porosity (macro/micro), functional groups, etc. In bio-oil upgrading, catalytic cracking process was observed as a most promising technique for the upgrading of bio-crude in to liquid fuel. Pyrolysis based synthetic fuels are considered as one of the key to saving the potential greenhouse gas emission up to 60—80% as compared to fossil fuels.
* Ashish Pawar [email protected] 1
Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management
Graphical abstract
Keywords Pyrolysis · Bio-oil · Fuel upgrading · Biochar · Biomass · Green fuel · Greenhouse gas mitigation
Introduction In India, the total installed capacity of energy generation from biomass is about 12.8% of the total renewable energy [1]. Typically, biomass is composed of cellulose (40–50%), hemicelluloses (25–35%), and lignin (15–30%) [2, 3]. Large amount of resources for biomass are available such as woody biomass, crop residues and their by-products, food processing waste, municipal solid waste, aquatic plant etc. There is a necessity to convert the raw material through different conversion routes such as thermochemical, biochemical, and mechanical processes. Among these, biomass can be converted very efficiently and economically via thermochemical conversion processes for obtaining energy rich products which can be further used in various applications [4]. The primary thermochemical conversion process including combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification are very well known to the scientific as well as the industrial community. The thermal conversion of biomass through combustion, pyrolysis and gasification process, and its importance is explored by Bridgwater (2012) [5
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