A fluorescent artificial receptor with specific imprinted cavities to selectively detect colistin
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RESEARCH PAPER
A fluorescent artificial receptor with specific imprinted cavities to selectively detect colistin Eylem Turan 1 & Adem Zengin 2 Received: 20 April 2020 / Revised: 29 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A novel and facile fluorescent artificial receptor on the basis of the molecularly imprinted polymer-coated graphene quantum dots was engineered successfully to detect colistin. The colistin imprinted graphene quantum dots (CMIP-GQDs) was synthesized by vinyl-based radical polymerization between functional monomers and crosslinker at around the template molecule on the surface of graphene quantum dots. The size of bare, CNIP-GQDs, and CMIP-GQDs was about 4.8 ± 0.6 nm, 18.4 ± 1.7 nm, and 19.7 ± 1.3 nm, respectively. The CMIP-GQDs, which showed the strong fluorescence emission at 440 nm with the excitation wavelength fixed at 380 nm, had excellent selectivity and specificity to rapidly recognize and detect colistin. The linear range of fluorescence quenching of this fluorescent artificial receptor for detection colistin was 0.016–2.0 μg mL−1 with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99919, and the detection limit was 7.3 ng mL−1 in human serum samples. The designed receptor was successfully applied to detect colistin in human serum samples and it achieved excellent recoveries shifted from 93.8 to 105%. Keywords Colistin . Artificial receptor . Molecularly imprinted polymer . Graphene quantum dot . Fluorescence quenching
Introduction Colistin is an antibiotic, which is also known as polymyxin E, produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa, with an estimated pKa ~ 10 that belongs to the cyclic structured cationic polypeptides, which has heptapeptide ring and tripeptide side chain [1]. In the recent years, colistin is the only choice for the multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii infections; however, due to the high nephrotoxicity rates, colistin brings about life-threatening gram-negative infections [2]. Therefore, the dose limitation has been introduced for the use of colistin in the treatment worldwide [3, 4]. The colistin concentration in the patient plasma is reported ≈ 2 μg/mL when initiating therapy [5]. The recommended daily doses of colistin range 2.5– 5.0 μg/kg, divided into 2–4 equal doses in pediatric patients, in Europe [6]. The risk of nephrotoxicity increase with age in * Eylem Turan [email protected] 1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, 06050 Ankara, Turkey
2
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080 Van, Turkey
patients and acute kidney injury become apparent within the first week of colistin initiation [7]. Controlling the level of colistin in the patient plasma may help to prevent nephrotoxicity. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with selective tailor-made binding sites are used as receptors to specifically recognize the template molecules by shape, size, and functional groups [8, 9]. MIPs
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