A history of extreme disturbance affects the relationship between the abundances of nitrifiers in soil
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A history of extreme disturbance affects the relationship between the abundances of nitrifiers in soil Stephanie D. Jurburg 1,2 Xavier Le Roux 3
&
Féline L. Assemien 3,4 & Léa Beaumelle 2 & Joana F. Salles 1 & Jan Dirk Van Elsas 1 &
Received: 30 April 2020 / Revised: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 9 July 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract To understand how and to what extent single or multiple perturbations can alter the relationships between the abundances of different nitrifier groups and nitrification, soil microcosms were exposed to six disturbance treatments: a heat shock, cold shock, or control conditions applied to undisturbed soils or to soils that had previously been subjected to a first heat shock. We monitored the recovery of the abundances of four main nitrifier groups (ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria, AOA and AOB, respectively, and Nitrobacter and Nitrospira nitrite oxidizers) as well as nitrification activity for 25 days. AOA were sensitive to cold shocks, whereas AOB were not; the latter were sensitive to heat shock. Despite the variations, both groups were resilient to the first disturbance. In contrast, Nitrobacter was affected by both disturbances, whereas Nitrospira was resistant to both shocks. Prior exposure to a heat shock affected each group’s responses as well as the relationships between them. For example, AOB were more vulnerable to heat shock in pre-exposed soils, whereas under the same circumstances, AOA were resilient. Nitrification activity was resistant to the first disturbances, but a legacy effect was observed, and nitrification was highest in Heat-Heat and lowest in Heat-Cold treatments. Overall, our study shows that within soil nitrifiers, temporal patterns and legacy effects interact to result in complex disturbance responses. Keywords Soil . Nitrification . Nitrogen cycle . Ammonia oxidation . Nitrite oxidation
Introduction Nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate, is an essential ecosystem function, tied to fertility and plant Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-020-01491-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Stephanie D. Jurburg [email protected] 1
Microbial Community Ecology Cluster, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
2
iDiv (German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig), Deutscher pl. 5E, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
3
Université de Lyon, INRAe, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology (UMR 5557 CNRS, UMR 1418 INRAe), 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Cedex, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
4
Université Nangui Abrogoua, Unité de formation et de Recherche des Sciences et Technologies des Aliments, Laboratoire de Biocatalyse et des Bioprocédés, 02, BP 801, Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire
productivity in terrestrial ecosystems in general. In soil, nitrification rates partly determine whether N, added through
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