A hybrid electrically-and-piezoelectrically driven micromixer built on paper for microfluids mixing
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A hybrid electrically-and-piezoelectrically driven micromixer built on paper for microfluids mixing Yanfang Guan 1 & Fengqian Xu 1 & Baichuan Sun 1 & Xiangxin Meng 1 & Yansheng Liu 1 & Mingyang Bai 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study aims to explore the channel patterns and the characteristic parameters of the zigzag microchannel based on microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), in which the mixing efficiency and speed can be greatly enhanced. Better mixing of the solutions was obtained by adding a simple directing electric field to the optimized structure of the zigzag microchannel on paper-based chips instead of the traditional complex devices. A higher mixing efficiency was reached when the direct-current (DC) power supply reached 20 V. Meanwhile, a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) driver was used in the mixing experiment with the paper-based zigzag microchannel. The results show that the mixing efficiency reached a maximum value when the input voltage and frequency were 30 V and 150 Hz, respectively. These paper-based devices meet the requirements of the biochemical analysis field because they are low cost, easy to operate, and have high efficiencies, giving them good prospects for future applications. Keywords Zigzag microchannel . Micromixer . Paper-based . Hybrid driven
1 Introduction Ever since Whitesides and coworkers first proposed and successfully produced microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) that could simultaneously detect proteins and glucose in 2007 (Martinez et al. 2007), μPADs have recently received considerable interest and attracted the attention of scholars around the world. Differing from traditional microfluidic devices (based on glass or silicon wafers, and so on) (Sardans et al. 2010; Chen and Meiners 2001; Han et al. 2011), μPADs, as a new type of “lab on a chip”, have been widely used in the environmental monitoring, health detection, drug reactions, sample determination, protein folding, fluid mixing, and point-of-care testing fields (Akyazi et al. 2018; Yetisen et al. 2013; Martinez et al. 2010) because of the capillary effect of paper itself and they meet the needs of simplicity, reliability, and portability. Kar et al. used H-channel μPADs to separate
* Yanfang Guan [email protected] 1
School of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
plasma from blood, which only depended on the capillary force of filter paper itself, greatly reducing the cost and simplifying the operation (Kar et al. 2015). Mentele et al. completed the detection of iron, copper, and nickel in combustion ash using μPADs with a four-area detection, which provided rapid assessment of the heavy metal concentration and greatly reduced costs (Mentele et al. 2012). Zhang et al. successfully applied a colorimetric method for the determination of nitrite in water, dairy products, and meat, and expanded the detection range of nitrite using μPADs (Zhang et al. 2014). Hydrodynamic focusing, extract
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