A layered titanium-based transition metal oxide as stable anode material for magnesium-ion batteries
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A layered titanium-based transition metal oxide as stable anode material for magnesium-ion batteries Na Wu1,*
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, Yu-Jing Yang1, Qi-Yue Zhang1, Xue Zhang1, and Xue-Ning Du1
Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nanomaterials of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, People’s Republic of China
Received: 3 May 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 30 August 2020
Rechargeable magnesium (Mg) battery with high volumetric energy density is one of the most promising candidates for next-generation safe and clean renewable energy sources. Just like rechargeable lithium battery, the development of anode materials beyond metal Mg will greatly promote the practical process of rechargeable Mg battery system. In this study, we propose a strategy to realize the reversible storage of Mg2? in possible zero-strain layered transition metal oxides (Li2TiO3) via nanotechnology for the first time. The as-prepared layered Li2TiO3 anode shows good cycling stability with a highly reversible Mg2? storage capacity of 110 mA h g-1. The unusual Mg storage mechanism with stable phase transition reaction is proposed by various ex situ analyzing and testing techniques which will help advance the development process of the long-life rechargeable Mg batteries.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Handling Editor: Joshua Tong.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05195-0
J Mater Sci
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Introduction The ever-increasing problem of fossil energy and environment pollution drives the intensive ongoing research on renewable clean storage systems with high energy density, low price and improved safety. Rechargeable magnesium batteries are considered as promising reversible storage systems owing to their characteristics of high theoretical specific capacity (2205 mA h g-1), great raw material abundance and good operational safety [1–8]. However, in the rechargeable magnesium battery system, the bulk Mg anode does not function as a reversible electrode in most polar organic electrolytes [1, 9, 10]. Furthermore, due to the high polarizing ability of the Mg2?, the Mg ions intercalation/insertion and diffusion in solid electrodes are kinetically sluggish [11–14]. All these problems impede the development of the rechargeable magnesium batteries deeply. Only a few anode materials which are beyond metal Mg have been demonstrated to own good Mg storage properties during the past few years. And it is still a challenging task to develop more suitable anode materials with reasonable capacity and cycling endurance for Mg2? storage to further promote the
commercialization of rechargeable magnesium batteries. It is well known that divalent Mg2? ions are easily solvated in the electrolyte solution. Due to the strong salvation, transporting Mg2? ions have much larger diameter than the host metal ion. In this case, the further de-/intercalation and diffusion of big Mg2? in the solid-state materials may lead to the c
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