Graphene film with folds for a stable lithium metal anode
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Graphene film with folds for a stable lithium metal anode Xueqi Hu 1 & Yuan Cao 1,2 & Yan Deng 1,3 & Jiayao Deng 1 & Huimin Lu 1 Received: 26 February 2020 / Revised: 20 June 2020 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices. However, uncontrollable dendrite growth limits the practical applications of LMBs. Herein, we report a graphene film with folds, which is applied between a Li metal anode and a separator as an interlayer, to regulate and inhibit dendrite growth and to simply create a Li anode capable of safe and stable circulation. Li metal anodes with graphene film can not only improve the life cycle of symmetrical cells up to 500 h at a low capacity of 1 mA h cm−2 and a low current density of 1 mA cm−2, but also promote cycle life up to 100 h at a capacity of 5 mA h cm−2 and a current density of 10 mA cm−2. In addition, we improve the electrochemical properties of lithium iron phosphate batteries and lithium-oxygen batteries by using a composite anode. Keywords Li metal anode . Graphene film . Dendrites . Folds
Introduction Since the first commercial use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in the 1990s, LIBs have been widely used in mobile phones, computers, etc. [1]. However, with the rapid development of many recently emerging electronic devices, such as electric vehicles, LIBs are unable to meet the growing demand from them [2]. The energy density of LIBs cannot make a breakthrough because of low theoretical specific capacity of the graphite anode (372 mA h g−1). Lithium (Li) with a very low redox potential (− 3.404 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode) and large theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g−1) is considered to be a promising material for replacing graphite anodes [3]. However, uneven Li deposition would lead to dendrite growth and instability of the electrochemical cycle, which limit the practical application of lithium metal batteries
Xueqi Hu and Yuan Cao contributed equally to this work. * Huimin Lu [email protected] 1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
3
Market Research Centre, Goertek Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
(LMBs) [4]. First, the growth of lithium dendrites may penetrate the separator and cause a short circuit and even explode. Second, lithium dendrites may destroy the solid electrolyte interface (SEI), resulting in increased side reactions and loss of active materials and battery capacity. In addition, the volume expansion of the Li anode during the cycles causes internal pressure changes in the battery and unstable SEI formation, which accelerates growth of Li dendrites and accumulates inactive Li [5–9]. The suppression of dendrite growth has attracted much attention from researchers. At present, various strategies are proposed to inhibit dendrite gr
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