A lipidomics approach reveals new insights into Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops moojeni snake venoms
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BIOLOGICS
A lipidomics approach reveals new insights into Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops moojeni snake venoms Tanize Acunha1 · Viviani Nardini1 · Lúcia Helena Faccioli1 Received: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Snakebite envenomation causes > 81,000 deaths and incapacities in another 400,000 people worldwide every year. Snake venoms are complex natural secretions comprised of hundreds of different molecules with a wide range of biological functions that after injection cause local and systemic manifestations. Although several studies have investigated snake venoms, the majority have focused on the protein portion (toxins), without significant attention paid to the lipid fraction. Therefore, an untargeted lipidomic approach based on liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was applied to investigate the lipid constituents of venoms of the snake species Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops moojeni. Phosphatidylcholines (PC), Lyso-PCs, phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), Lyso-PE, phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), ceramides (Cer), and sphingomyelin (SM) species were detected in the analyzed snake venoms. The identified lipids included bioactive compounds such as platelet-activating factor (PAF) precursor, PAF-like molecules, plasmalogens, ceramides, and sphingomyelins with long fatty acid chain lengths, which may be associated with the systemic responses triggered by C. d. terrificus and B. moojeni envenomation. These responses include platelet aggregation, activation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), apoptosis, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, cytokines, and reactive species. The newly proposed lipidomics strategy provided valuable information regarding the lipid profiles of viperid venoms, which could lead to increased understanding of the complex pathology promoted by snakebite envenomation. Keywords Lipidomics · Snake venom · LC-HRMS · Bioactive lipids · Crotalus durissus terrificus · Bothrops moojeni
Introduction Snakebite envenomation is a neglected tropical disease of public health importance, as recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). Every year, > 81,000 people die and another 400,000 suffer long-term incapacities by snakebites worldwide (WHO 2019). Bothrops and Crotalus belong to the viperidae family (viperids) and comprise an important group of venomous snakes that account for the most morbidity and mortality cases worldwide (WHO 2017). Snakebites Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02896-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Lúcia Helena Faccioli [email protected] 1
Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo 14040‑903, Brazil
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