Actions of Cannabis sativa L. fixed oil and nano-emulsion on venom-induced inflammation of Bothrops moojeni snake in rat
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Inflammopharmacology
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Actions of Cannabis sativa L. fixed oil and nano‑emulsion on venom‑induced inflammation of Bothrops moojeni snake in rats Helison de Oliveira Carvalho1,2 · Danna Emanuelle Santos Gonçalves1 · Karyny Roberta Tavares Picanço1 · Abrahão Victor Tavares de Lima Teixeira dos Santos1 · Maria Lucia3 · Xuebo Hu4 · Caio Pinho Fernandes1,2,5 · Irlon Maciel Ferreira2,6 · José Carlos Tavares Carvalho1,2 Received: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 30 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Background Bothrops moojeni snake venom (VBm) has toxins that cause pronounced tissue damage and exacerbated inflammatory reaction. Cannabis sativa L. is a plant species that produces an oil (CSO) rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Nano-emulsions have several advantages, such as better stability and higher penetrating power in membranes. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of a nano-emulsion based on this herbal derivative (NCS) against VBm-induced inflammation in Wistar rats. Methods The CSO and NCS were submitted to physicochemical characterization. The inflammatory process was induced by the VBm (0.10 mg/kg) as follows: rat paw edema, peritonitis, analysis of leukocyte infiltrate in gastrocnemius muscle of rats and formation of granulomatous tissue. Results No significant changes were observed when the NCS was submitted to the centrifugation and thermal stress tests. There was no phase separation, changes in density (0.978 ± 0.01 g/cm3) and viscosity (0.889 ± 0.15). The droplet diameter ranged from 119.7 ± 065 to 129.3 ± 0.15 nm and the polydispersity index ranged from 0.22 ± 0.008 to 0.23 ± 0.011. The results showed that treatments with CSO (200 and 400 mg/kg) and NCS (100 mg/kg) were able to decrease significantly (p
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