A Measurement Method on Pesticide Residues of Apple Surface Based on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
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A Measurement Method on Pesticide Residues of Apple Surface Based on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Feiyu Ma & Daming Dong
Received: 7 January 2014 / Accepted: 14 February 2014 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract Pesticide residues on fruit surfaces do great harm, but it is difficult to realize the fast and on-site measurement of pesticide residues. In this paper, we explored the potential application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology for the fast measurement of chlorpyrifos residues on apple surfaces. The spectral characteristics of phosphorus (213.62 and 214.91 nm), sulfur (393.33 and 396.89 nm), and chlorine (837.594 nm) in chlorpyrifos could be captured by LIBS. Significant spectra differences were found between untreated apples and apples sprayed with chlorpyrifos. The results of chemometrics methods indicate that the spectra of clean apples and the apples sprayed with several different concentrations of chlorpyrifos have obvious differences. The study demonstrates that laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, which has advantages in micro-destructive, fast, and onsite test, not only can detect chlorpyrifos on fruit surfaces but also allows the semi-quantitative detection. Keywords Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy . Pesticide residues . Apples . Chlorpyrifos
Introduction With the rapid agricultural development in China, food safety is increasingly emphasized (GAO 2000). In recent years, due to the unreasonable application of pesticides, pesticide residues on fruits and vegetables frequently do harm to human
F. Ma : D. Dong (*) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China e-mail: [email protected]
health. Excessive pesticide residues have become a concealed killer at the dinner table and a great threat to food safety and health (Gomez-Ramos et al. 2013). Therefore, it is top urgent to develop a rapid detection method of pesticide residues on fruits and vegetables (Mehl et al. 2004). At present, the pesticide residue detection methods were mainly the analysis methods after sampling (Ferrer et al. 2005), which is tedious and requires long time and could not provide the real-time evaluation results of pesticide residues. Some scholars tried to analyze pesticide residues on fruit surfaces by near-infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy and achieved good results. For example, Li et al. (2010) had successfully distinguished the navel oranges polluted by different pesticides through visible/near-infrared spectroscopy. Supporting vector machine qualitative analysis model established with the genetic algorithm optimization achieved 99.57 % of recognition accuracy rate. Lee et al. (2006) used confocal surface to enhance Raman spectroscopy for the quantitative determination of methyl parathion pesticide. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast and micro-destructive spectroscopy method, which is widely applied in the measurements of g
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