A measurement prototype based on gas sensors for detection of pesticide residues in edible mint
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A measurement prototype based on gas sensors for detection of pesticide residues in edible mint Ali Amkor1 · Noureddine El Barbri1 Received: 3 June 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this article, we propose a measurement prototype based on an electronic nose device to discriminate the treated mint from the untreated mint with pesticides and to identify the day of treatment. The process consists of a sample of mint, two types of pesticides (Decis Fluxx and Malyphos 50), an electronic nose composed of a network of metal oxide sensors, a data card acquisition, a personal computer and a data analysis and processing method. The method used is a hybrid method combining the principal component analysis method with the support vector machines method and allowed us to have success rates of 100%, 87.50% and 75% successively for discrimination in the following cases: untreated and treated mint by Decis, untreated and treated mint by Malyphos and untreated and treated mint with both products. For the identification of the treatment day, we obtained success rates of around 87.50% and 100% respectively for the case of the Decis product and the Malyphos product. These results show that our proposal is quick, easy to use and inexpensive for the detection of the treated mint as well as the day of its treatment. Keywords Mint · Metal oxide gas sensors · Sensor array · Electronic nose · Data analysis and processing Abbreviations PCA Principal component analysis SVM Support vector machines S Second Mn Minute mL Milliliter g Gram V Volt
Introduction Mint is an aromatic plant of the Lamiaceae family with small bluish white, mauve, pink or lilac flowers which thrives on wetlands. It has 18 different species but three of them so that their variants predominate on the market: Mentha Aquatica (aquatic mint), Mentha canadensis (Canada mint) and Mentha spicata (spike or spearmint) [1].
* Ali Amkor [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Science and Technology for the Engineer, LaSTI‑ENSA, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Khouribga, Morocco
In Morocco, the consumption of mint (specially Mentha spicata) is very frequent since mint tea is a traditional national drink, it is also used as a medicinal plant and in the preparation of cosmetic products thanks to the virtues of its essential oils, it occupies an area of around 3500 hectares and provides an average of 50,000 tons [2] of which 6000 tons of fresh mint are exported [3]. The cultivation of mint is practiced in all regions of Morocco, but certain cities are recognized by the great production and the quality of the harvest in this case Tiznit et al. [4]. Mint is also a victim of phytosanitary problems due to pests, cryptogamic and viral diseases [5], thus causing serious losses for farmers and reducing their profit margin. And to protect their crops, farmers use certain types of insecticides that would normally disappear after a few days. On the other hand, consumer demand is increasi
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