Determination of Pesticide Residues in Soy-Based Beverages Using a QuEChERS Method (with Clean-Up Optimized by Central C
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Determination of Pesticide Residues in Soy-Based Beverages Using a QuEChERS Method (with Clean-Up Optimized by Central Composite Design) and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Marília M. May 1 & Giovana Ferronato 1 & Nelson M. G. Bandeira 1 & Osmar D. Prestes 1 & Renato Zanella 1 & Martha B. Adaime 1
Received: 12 February 2016 / Accepted: 23 June 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
Abstract Soybean production is responsible for a great amount of pesticides applied in Brazil. In the last years, an increase of soy-based beverage consumption and a higher concern about pesticide residues in food occurred. A simple, fast, and efficient multiresidue method based on the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of 39 pesticides and two plant growth regulators in soy-based beverages by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The clean-up procedure was established based on central composite design (CCD), using response surface methodology (RSM). For the optimization of the clean-up step, different amounts of sorbents in dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) were evaluated. Validation results were satisfactory, considering that the optimized method presented recoveries between 70 and 112 %, with RSD lower than 19 % for spike levels between 10 and 50 μg L−1. The method limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) ranged from 3 to 8 and 10 to 25 μg L−1, respectively. The proposed method combines the advantages of QuEChERS and UHPLC-MS/MS and proved to be suitable for the pesticide multiresidue determination in soy-based beverages in routine laboratory analyses.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12161-016-0593-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Martha B. Adaime [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
Keywords Beverages . Pesticides . QuEChERS . Central composite design . UHPLC-MS/MS
Introduction Soybean is a legume cultivated in Brazil since 1950s and represents great economic importance for the country, since it takes place among the major export sectors of agribusiness (Dall’agnol et al. 2007; CONAB 2016). In Brazil, the crop of soy accounts for 56 % of sales of pesticides, being the one that more uses pesticides in the country (SINDIVEG 2015). Soy beverages are aqueous extracts of soybeans and they are a source of high-quality proteins, without cholesterol or lactose (Dashper et al. 2012; Içier et al. 2015). In recent years, consumers have an increased attention of the relationship between diet and health. Soy-based beverages may be considered functional foods and they are on the top of trading list in Brazil due to sensorial characteristics and constant supply of products with different flavors (Jaekel et al. 2010; Andrés et al. 2014). The i
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