A method for determining reasonable water area ratio based on flood risk and cost-effectiveness in Rainy City
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A method for determining reasonable water area ratio based on flood risk and cost‑effectiveness in Rainy City Jiuhe Bu1 · Cong Peng1 · Chunhui Li1 · Xuan Wang1 · Yuan Zhang2 · Zhongwen Yang2 · Yanpeng Cai1 Received: 11 April 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Urban flooding is increasingly pervasive, with the decreasing water area in cities and the dreadful impact on people. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a quantitative evaluation of the area of urban water and analyze the threshold of the reasonable water ratio under different drainage scenarios. In this research, simulations were performed by using the Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM), and the model parameter calibration method was based on the runoff coefficient as a contribution to meeting the data-poor urban areas. Then, urban flood control standards were divided into four classes, and the rainfall scenario once in 200 years and historical maximum were selected to build future extreme inundation scenarios in the case study. Simultaneously, methods for the reasonable water area ratio estimation were decided. The cost-effectiveness of all possible solutions was examined across the two scenarios based on the assessment method. The results show that the range of reasonable ratios of the water area under traditional planning is 5.78–6.02% to meet the standard of urban drainage. Similarly, the range of reasonable ratios of water area under the LID (low impact development) plan combined with the sponge city concept is 5.63–5.88%. Keywords Reasonable water area ratio · Urban flood risk · Cost-effectiveness · LID · PCSWMM
Introduction With the accelerating development of urbanization in recent years, a large amount of natural landscape has been converted into commercial, residential and industrial land types (Li et al. 2018), which induce many environmental and hydrological effects (Wang et al. 2019), such as rainisland effects (Min et al. 2011; Liang et al. 2017), increasing urban waterlogging risks and aggravating trends in the aquatic environment. Meanwhile, urban drainage facilities are insufficient and lag behind the urbanization process, causing water-logging to a higher flood peak and shorter lag
* Chunhui Li [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of the Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
Laboratory of Aquatic Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People’s Republic of China
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time in urban areas. Additionally, increased impermeability lead to decreased groundwater, increased surface runoff, and deteriorating water quality (Valtanen et al. 2013; Wu et al., 2018; Bell et al. 2016). Therefore, potential property security and river ecology were caused by floods could deteriorate if this situation persists (Liu et al. 2014; Huang et al. 2015). Hundreds of
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