A new agricultural drought index considering the irrigation water demand and water supply availability
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A new agricultural drought index considering the irrigation water demand and water supply availability Zikang Xing1,4 · Miaomiao Ma3 · Yongqiang Wei2 · Xuejun Zhang3 · Zhongbo Yu1,4 · Peng Yi1,4 Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 August 2020 / Published online: 16 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Agricultural drought has a tremendous impact on crop yields and economic development under the context of global climate change. As an essential component of water balance in irrigated areas, artificial irrigation, which is not widely incorporated into agricultural drought indices in previous studies. Therefore, an irrigation water deficit index (IWDI) based on the estimation of irrigation water demand and supply is proposed. The performance of the new index was compared with the Soil Moisture Anomaly Percentage Index (SMAPI) over the upstream of the Zi River basin (UZRB). The results indicated the IWDI is highly correlated with precipitation, runoff, and potential evapotranspiration, combined with a more comprehensive moisture condition than the previous agricultural drought index. Due to the consideration of crop growth process and farmland spatial distribution, the proposed index showed a significant advantage in stressing drought conditions of agricultural concentration area and eliminating the impact of invalid soil moisture drought of non-growing seasons. Furthermore, the drought condition identified by the new index presented a good agreement with the historical drought event that occurred in 2013.7–8, which accurately reproduced the soil moisture variation and vegetation growth dynamics. Keywords Drought · Agriculture · Index · Irrigation · Hydrological model
* Miaomiao Ma [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology‑Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2
Hunan Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Changsha 410007, China
3
Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
4
College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
2410
Natural Hazards (2020) 104:2409–2429
1 Introduction Under the context of global climate change, the severity of drought increases, which induces a lot of environmental, economic, and social damages, such as, grain yields reduction, economic losses, and higher health risks (Wilhite 2000; Dai 2011; Trenberth et al. 2014). Agricultural drought is closely related to (but not defined as) the soil moisture deficit or the crop water stress over a period (Martínez-Fernández et al. 2015). The agricultural drought impacts are being aggravated by the rise in water demand and the variability in precipitation/temperature as a result of climate change (Mishra and Singh 2010; Leng and Hall 2019). Besides, human activities, for example, the large-scale agricultural practice, increase the vulnerability to droughts worldwide(Wang et al.
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