Hydrogeochemistry characteristics of groundwater and its suitability for water supply and irrigation in Jilin City, Chin
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Hydrogeochemistry characteristics of groundwater and its suitability for water supply and irrigation in Jilin City, China Changlai Xiao 1,2 & Jinfeng Liu 1,2 & Xiujuan Liang 1,2 & Shanghai Du 1,2
Received: 19 October 2015 / Accepted: 28 March 2016 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2016
Abstract Groundwater is the most important water resources in modern water supply, and its quality is the determining factor, especially for the groundwater supply under extreme events. Groundwater quality survey has been carried out in Jilin City, which is a famous industrial city in northeast China. The results show that (1) the distribution of major ions in the groundwater is as follows: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > NO3−; the Piper’s, Gibbs’s, and Langelier–Ludwig’s diagrams suggest that groundwater was evolved due to the water–rock interaction; (2) geochemical relations (Ca/Mg ratio, Ca + Mg versus HCO3 + SO4, Na versus Cl) suggest that the dissolution of carbonate minerals gypsum and halite is the significant mechanism dominating the groundwater chemistry, the relations also suggest that the ion exchange is the secondary processes for higher concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions; (3) the influences of agricultural fertilizers and irrigation practice are the other reasons for increasing NO3− ions in the groundwater; according to the drinking water quality standards, the groundwater is not suitable for drinking with reference to the concentrations of total hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, NO 3−, F−, and Fe in many locations; (4) based on the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12517-016-2447-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Changlai Xiao [email protected] * Shanghai Du [email protected]
1
Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
2
College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, China
parameters mentioned (sodium adsorption ratio, Kelly’s ratio, sodium percent, permeability index, and magnesium hazard), the groundwater quality is assessed and the overall irrigation qualities of wells are demarcated as suitable for irrigation. Keywords Groundwater quality . Jilin City . China . Water–rock interaction
Introduction As the most important water resources in modern society, groundwater is playing more and more influences for the sustainable development. Groundwater quality investigation and assessment are the fundamental works in the regional groundwater management (Subramani et al. 2005; Nagarajan et al. 2010; Ako et al. 2011; Wang 2013; Agca 2014; AlKhashman et al. 2014). As the surface water bodies are polluted seriously around the world, groundwater quality becomes controlling factors in modern water management decisions (Jang et al. 2012; Re et al. 2014; Erdlenbruch et al. 2014; El-Fadel et al. 2014). Especially for the hydrogeochemistry characteristics and its responses for the changing climate and human activities, groundw
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