A New Preventive Strategy for Better Remediation of Marine Biofouling by an Eco-friendly Physical and Morphological Modi
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A New Preventive Strategy for Better Remediation of Marine Biofouling by an Eco-friendly Physical and Morphological Modification Process Intissar Amara 1 & Wafa Miled 1,2 & Rihab Ben Slama 3 & Pascale Chevallier 4 & Diego Mantovani 4 & Néji Ladhari 5 Received: 8 August 2019 / Accepted: 9 January 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In this study, a new preventive technique based on the morphological modification of nets is tested in order to enhance their fouling resistance when immerged in seawater. For this purpose, modifications were restricted for nets surfaces by applying ecofriendly compounds based on silicone and derivates by coating or padding. The modified nets were characterized by parallel SEM, FTIR and XPS analyses in order to provide information about the surface structure and its new chemical composition after each modification. Morphological characterization by SEM and FTIR analyses showed that the used products were well fixed on the net surface. Quantitative analysis by XPS technique noted that the concentration of silicon atoms has increased from 2% for the untreated net to 15.63% for the net coated with nano emulsion, 9.86% for the net coated with condensate oil, 17.6% for the net coated with micro emulsion and 8.43% for the net coated with Polyethylene. The final weight comparison and bacterial counts allowed a specific simulation of the behavior of the modified nets towards bacteria and algae. In contrary to the standard bacterial colonization which needs only one hour after immersion and few days for maturation, results showed that after 6 days of effective immersion in real seawater, all the modified nets gave a sufficient antibacterial behavior with an inhibition level higher than 80%. Besides, nano and micro emulsions of modified poly-siloxane allowed a remarkable anti macro-organisms behavior with only 2.83 g and 2.56 g of adherent organisms (microalgae and invertebrates) on 1 g of net, respectively. Keywords Marine biofouling . Polyamide nets . Morphologic modification . Poly-siloxane . Bacterial counts
1 Introduction
* Intissar Amara [email protected] 1
Textile Engineering Laboratory, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
2
Department of Early Childhood, University College Taraba, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
3
Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
4
Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair I in Biomaterials and Bioengineering for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met- Materials Engineering, Research Center of CHU de Quebec, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University Laval, QC, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
5
Higher Institute of the Fashion Trades of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
Colonization and accumulation of aquatic species on surfaces immersed in seawater is a natural phenomenon called marine biofouling [1]. According to biologists, such natural phenome
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