Marine and Industrial Biofouling
Biofouling is a costly problem, and it is encountered in a wide spectrum of technical systems, ranging from the shipping industry, power industry, water purification, automobile industry, paint and pharmaceuticals, to the microelectronics and food industr
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Series Editor: J. William Costerton Los Angeles, USA
Hans-Curt Flemming • P. Sriyutha Murthy R. Venkatesan • Keith Cooksey Editors
Marine and Industrial Biofouling
Editors Prof. Dr. Hans-Curt Flemming Biofilm Centre University of Duisburg-Essen Geibelstraße 41 47057 Duisburg Germany
Dr. P. Sriyutha Murthy Ocean Science & Technology for Islands National Institute of Ocean Technology Ministry of Ocean Development Velachery Tamabaram Main Road Narayanapuram Chennai 601 302 Tamil Nadu India
Dr. R. Venkatesan Organising Secretary RAMAT Group Head Ocean Science & Technology for Islands National Institute of Ocean Technology Pallikaranai, Chennai India Prof. Dr. Keith Cooksey Department of Microbiology Montana State University 109 Lewis Hall PO Box 173520 Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
Series Editor J. William Costerton Director, Center for Biofilms School of Dentistry University of Southern California 925 West 34th Street Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
ISBN 978-3-540-69794-7 e-ISBN 978-3-540-69796-1 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-69796-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008940066 © 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: SPi Publishing Services Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 springer.com
Preface
This book describes the state of the art in antifouling measures using both conventional biocides and some advanced approaches. Related to biocides, the concept of the “Biocide Product Directive” of the European Union is presented as an example of an administrative instrument for curbing excessive use of environmentally undesirable products that may cause ecological damage. Biofouling is defined as the unwanted accumulation of biological material on man-made surfaces. This definition includes biofilm-forming microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae as well as fouling by macroorganisms like hydroids, barnacles, tubeworms and bivalves on submerged surfaces. The problem is site-, seasonand substratum-specific and the control methods effective at a given geographical location may not hold good elsewhere. The definition is clearly operational, as not every biofilm or barnacle is equivalent to biofouling but only after the effect exceeds an arbitrarily given threshold o
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