A novel analysis of the dielectric properties of hybrid epoxy composites

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

A novel analysis of the dielectric properties of hybrid epoxy composites M. Sabu 1,2

&

E. Bementa 3 & Y. Jaya Vinse Ruban 1 & S. Ginil Mon 4

Received: 13 March 2020 / Revised: 28 May 2020 / Accepted: 23 June 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

Abstract In this work, three systems of the composite were prepared using cured epoxy (CE), unsaturated polyester (UP), and organically changed montmorillonite (OMMT) of CE-UP, CE-OMMT, and CE-UP-OMMT which have been developed and the samples were subjected to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). EIS shows CE-OMMT composite of sample E3M has maximized the room temperature conductivity of the composite to 3.7976 × 10−5 S/cm. The conductivity was enhanced to 7.5891 × 10−5 S/cm on the addition of 5 wt% UP in CE-OMMT. This conductivity was further enhanced to 1.1023 × 10−4 S/cm on the addition of 15 wt% of UP in CE-OMMT composite. The conductivity enhancement was found due to the long-range movement of charge carriers by folding/unfolding up of polymer chains accumulated in the composite. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy affirms the amorphous nature and FTIR proves the interaction between CE, UP, and OMMT composites. XRD and FTIR confirm the folding/unfolding up of polymer chains. Dielectric and dielectric loss tangent studies confirm the results obtained by conductivity. The SEM reveals aggregate microstructure for CE-UP-OMMT composite and provides the relevant reason for reduction in conductivity. All the outcomes are verifying that the conductivity enhancement in CE-UP-OMMT composite is due to the interaction and the newly formed bonds. Keywords Polymer composite . Conductivity . Dielectric . Tan loss

1 Introduction Highlights • CE-, CEUP-, CEUPOMMT-based polymer composite was successfully prepared. • The conductivity enhancement is found mainly due to the long-range movement of charge carriers by folding/unfolding up of polymer chains accumulated in the composite. • The entire results depict that the conductivity enhancement in CE-UPOMMT composite is mainly due to breakdown/recounting of polymer chains. * M. Sabu [email protected] 1

Department of Chemistry & Research, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu 627 002, India

2

Reg. No. 19111282031004, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli – 12, Tamil Nadu, India

3

PG & Research Department of Physics, Arul Anandar College (Autonomous), Karumathur, Madurai 625514, India

4

Department of Chemistry & Research, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Tamil Nadu 629 165, India

The traditional inorganic protectors and dielectrics have to an enormous amount been supplanted by polymers on account of their special capacity to be customized for precise needs [1–3]. Mostly, the replaced polymers are in the form of blends or composite; this is mainly to modify the properties of polymer systems for real-world applications [4

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