A novel bio-based benzoxazine resin with outstanding thermal and superhigh-frequency dielectric properties
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A novel bio‑based benzoxazine resin with outstanding thermal and superhigh‑frequency dielectric properties Zijian Feng1,2 · Ming Zeng1,2 · Dawei Meng1 · Jiangbing Chen2 · Wanlin Zhu2 · Qingyu Xu2 · Junxia Wang2 Received: 27 October 2019 / Accepted: 27 January 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A novel bio-based benzoxazine was synthesized from diphenolic acid and furfurylamine through the facile one-pot formulation method. In comparison with other bio-based thermosetting resins and bio-based benzoxazine resins, the prepared benzoxazine resin had the advantages of accelerated curing behavior, relatively good thermal properties (Tg, 303 °C; char yield (800 °C), 54%), and relatively low superhigh-frequency dielectric constants (2.97 ± 0.01, 5 GHz; 2.95 ± 0.01, 10 GHz; 2.90 ± 0.01, 15 GHz), resulting from the introduction of acidic groups and furan rings. Therefore, this work not only provides a new strategy for the preparation of biomass-based benzoxazine resin with superhigh-frequency low dielectric constants, but also gives some insight into the effects of pentanoic acid and furan rings on the curing behavior, cross-linking structure, and thermal and superhigh-frequency dielectric properties of benzoxazine resin. Furthermore, the potential application of this approach in the advanced superhigh-frequency communication field might make progress towards the sustainable development of high-tech polymeric industry.
1 Introduction In the past decades, natural resources and their derivatives as renewable materials have attracted considerable attention because of the environmental concerns and the shortage of petrochemical resources [1–4]. The design and manufacture of bio-based materials derived from renewable materials are important for a sustainable development and environmental conservation [5, 6]. The thermosetting resins are widely used as the matrix resins for the production of printed circuit boards (PCBs) in electronic industry. In order to produce the advanced superhigh-frequency (3–30 GHz) PCBs of the Fifth Generation Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-02995-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ming Zeng [email protected] 1
Engineering Research Center of Nano‑Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
2
(5G) mobile communications system, the design and preparation of superhigh-frequency low dielectric thermosetting resins have recently attracted widespread attention [7, 8]. The designed thermosetting resins should meet a variety of requirements such as low and stable dielectric constant (k
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