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RESEARCH ARTICLE-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

A Novel Hybrid Fuzzy PD-TID Controller for Load Frequency Control of a Standalone Microgrid Bhuvnesh Khokhar1

· Surender Dahiya2 · K. P. Singh Parmar3

Received: 19 October 2019 / Accepted: 1 July 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020

Abstract Uncertainties related to the power output from the renewable energy sources and low inertia of a standalone microgrid (SMG) demand a robust control strategy for continuous frequency control of the SMG. Consequently, this paper proposes a novel hybrid fuzzy proportional derivative–tilt integral derivative (FPD-TID) controller for the load frequency control (LFC) analysis of a SMG. Inspiration for the proposed controller comes from combining the advantages of both the FPD and the TID controllers. Gains of the proposed controller are optimized using a robust chaotic crow search algorithm (CCSA). In order to validate the proposed control scheme, comparative frequency deviation responses of the SMG are presented considering multiple disturbances. Also, the proposed controller is put to test for its sensitivity and robustness subject to a ± 30% variation in the SMG parameters and disconnection of various SMG subsystems, respectively. Since operational stability of the SMG is highly desirable under such circumstances, the proposed control scheme aims to achieve a trade-off between its performance and the operational stability of the SMG. The operational stability of the SMG is established through eigenvalue and root locus analysis. Keywords Chaotic crow search algorithm · Hybrid FPD-TID controller · Load frequency control · Standalone microgrid

Abbreviations and Nomenclature f Nominal frequency (Hz) RES Renewable energy source SMG Standalone microgrid LFC Load frequency control CCSA Chaotic crow search algorithm FDR Frequency deviation response DG Distributed generation PID Proportional integral derivative

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Bhuvnesh Khokhar [email protected] Surender Dahiya [email protected] K. P. Singh Parmar [email protected]

1

Department of Electrical Engineering, Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

2

Department of Electrical Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonipat, Haryana, India

3

Deputy Director (Technical), National Power Training Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India

WTG PV DEG EV FC BESS FESS AE CB JP ITAE Tsim ΔPD D H R TG TT TDEG TEV TBESS

Wind turbine generator Photovoltaic Diesel engine generator Electric vehicle Fuel cell Battery energy storage system Flywheel energy storage system Aqua electrolyzer Circuit breaker Performance index Integral of the time multiplied absolute error Simulation time (s) Incremental load change (pu MW) Load damping coefficient (pu MW/Hz) Inertia constant of the MG (s) Governor speed regulation coefficient (Hz/pu MW) Governor time constant (s) Turbine time constant (s) DEG time constant (s) EV time constant (s) BESS time constant (s)

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Arabian Journal for Science and