RETRACTED ARTICLE: Droop Control based Approach for Frequency and Voltage in Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Droop Control based Approach for Frequency and Voltage in Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Salman Salman1 · Ai Xin2 Received: 11 February 2020 / Revised: 28 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2020
Abstract With the continuous increase of distributed energy resources (DERs) and renewable energy sources, the power system is facing different operational challenges i.e. reliability and resilience of the electrical grid. To solve these problems the concept of a microgrid, particularly hybrid microgrid, has gained significant attention worldwide. The Hybrid microgrid can accommodate both DC and AC grids and the existence of both grids leads to the idea where both grids are tied via inter-linking converter (ILC) that can facilitate the power transfer among both grids. In this paper, an improved droop control scheme for the control of hybrid microgrid is presented along with a frequency and active power-based droop of the ILC. Moreover, to determine the droop coefficient of the ILC, scaling factors are applied. Hence, this allows the ILC to facilitate the transfer of power between the overloaded and under-loaded grid. Two main scenarios involving single and multiple hybrid microgrids are considered in this study. The results show that the frequency variation in the AC grid occur, when any change in load occurs in the DC grid and vice versa. In this way, the droop-based ILC balances the power between the under-loaded and overloaded grids. Keywords Microgrid · Hybrid microgrid · Steady-state control scheme · Inter-linking converter · Droop control
1 Introduction To meet the continuously increasing energy demand, the focus of academia and industry is shifting towards distributed energy sources (DER) and renewable energy sources (RES). Moreover, their increased penetration is also helpful in reducing fossil fuel emission and for providing decentralized electricity [1–3]. This increased penetration has brought various operational challenges of reliability and resilience of the electrical grid. To overcome these challenges, the concept of microgrids has been proposed where DER and group of interconnected load with clear electrical boundaries are present that operates as a single entity with respect to the grid [4]. * Salman Salman [email protected] 1
Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
2
The modern power system comprises of both AC and DC grids. Although the AC system is still dominant, recent trends in semiconductor devices will soon lead to the largescale realization of DC grids since many loads utilize DC power instead of AC. One of the most recent trends emerged is the integration of both AC and DC grid with hybrid configuration [5, 6]. Both AC-DC grids are coupled via interlinking converter (I
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