A novel study on time-dependent viscosity model of magneto-hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable cone: applications in
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A novel study on time-dependent viscosity model of magneto-hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable cone: applications in material engineering Hanifa Hanif1,3
, Ilyas Khan2,a
, Sharidan Shafie3
1 Department of Mathematics, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Quetta, Pakistan 2 Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 3 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia Received: 28 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 © Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The dominating features of hybrid nanofluid such as high heat transfer rates, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and low cost, have been successfully attracted the attention of global researchers. In light of these amazing features, the current mathematical research explores the effects of variable viscosity on radiative magneto-hybrid nanofluid (Cu– Fe3 O4 /water) flow over a vertical cone inside porous medium. In addition, variable heat flux relation with boundary layer flow in the presence of heat generation/absorption is scrutinized. The Crank–Nicolson scheme together with Thomas algorithm is implemented to obtain the numerical solutions of constructed mathematical model with the aid of MATLAB software. The impact of various controlling parameters on virtual flow properties, temperature and velocity is scrutinized, and the obtained outcomes are exhibited graphically. The physically important quantities such as heat transfer coefficient and wall shear stress are evaluated versus governing constraints, and the results are summarized in the tables and illustrated graphically as well. The results unveil that the thermal performance of the system increases in the presence of nanoparticles, magnetic field and thermal radiation. Moreover, velocity of the fluid increases due to high permeability effects. The results of this work may have useful applications in materials science and engineering.
1 Introduction Energy is one of the vital resources in all over the world and global demand for energy is steadily rising. This increasing demand is partly due to population growth and economic development. Scientists are actively looking for new technologies and equipment to cope with this problem, which at the same time are highly thermally efficient. Many engineering systems including optical devices, high-precision microelectronics, transport system, highpower engine, synthetic chemical process, etc., experience a rise in thermal load. Traditional heat reduction methods seem insufficient to tackle this problem. Scientist and engineers have therefore recommended a new class of fluid termed as nanofluid, which contains smallsize nanoparticles/nanotubes within traditional single-phase liquids such as water, kerosene,
a e-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author)
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Eur. Phys. J. Plus
(2020) 135:730
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