Experimental study on the viscosity of hybrid nanofluid and development of a new correlation
- PDF / 1,742,054 Bytes
- 11 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 22 Downloads / 208 Views
ORIGINAL
Experimental study on the viscosity of hybrid nanofluid and development of a new correlation Rashmi Rekha Sahoo 1 Received: 17 June 2019 / Accepted: 10 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present experimental analysis targeted on the preparation of water based (Al2O3-SiC-TiO2) ternary hybrid nanofluids by the mistreatment of two-stage methodology. Each vol. fraction sample of ternary hybrid nanofluids consists of an equal proportion of Al2O3-SiC-TiO2 nanoparticles for this analysis. The result for the dynamic viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluids was examined for a temperature range of 35–40 °C and within a vol. fraction range of (0.01–0.1%). Analysis extended to the morphology characterization study through SEM image, together with an EDX analysis for 0.1% vol. fraction ternary hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, based on the supported results, a new correlation was projected for the dynamic viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluid, and also compared with the relevant literatures. The results revealed that the rise in vol. fraction, contains a larger role in increasing the interior resistance of fluid and the low vol. fractions have a weaker result on the viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluids. The best relative consistency was discovered within 0.1% vol. fraction and, consistent with the obtained results, the margin of deviation within the intervals of ±2.6%. Keywords Ternary hybrid nanofluid . New correlation . Viscosity . Water . Al2O3-SiC-TiO2 nanoparticles
Nomenclature ϕ volume fraction ρ density w material weight μ dynamic viscosity bf base fluid Al2O3 aluminum oxide SiC silicon carbide TiO2 titanium oxide THNF ternary hybrid nanofluid SEM Scanning electron microscope EDX Energy Dispersive X-Ray MOD margin of deviation np nanoparticle T temperature Dp diameter of the nanoparticle
* Rashmi Rekha Sahoo [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
1 Introduction The thermophysical properties of nanofluids are different from those of conventional fluids. Viscosity is one of these properties, which has a significant contribution to the calculation of the fluid heat transfer. Over the last few years, nanofluids have grabbed the attention of many authors [1–3], since they need to be found capable of providing perceptibly increased heat compared to typical fluids [3]. Usually compared to the base fluids, the addition of nanoparticles increases the viscosity of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids. This incremental in viscosity is due to the increase in a volume concentration of nanoparticles. The existing classic models and correlations cannot predict hybrid nanofluids and nanofluid characteristics. However, most of the proposed correlations for the prediction of the viscosity of hybrid nanofluids are based on the laboratory and experimental data, and also the same hybrid nanofluids are not suitable for other types of hybrid nanofluids. There are also numerous measurement deviations and
Data Loading...
