A paper-based colorimetric sensor array for discrimination and simultaneous determination of organophosphate and carbama
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A paper-based colorimetric sensor array for discrimination and simultaneous determination of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in tap water, apple juice, and rice Mohammad Mahdi Bordbar 1 & Tien Anh Nguyen 2 & Fabiana Arduini 3 & Hasan Bagheri 1 Received: 21 August 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A colorimetric paper-based sensor is proposed for the rapid monitoring of six major organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. The assay was constructed by dropping gold and silver nanoparticles on the hydrophilic zones of a paper substrate. The nanoparticles were modified by L-arginine, quercetin, and polyglutamic acid. The mechanism of sensing is based on the interaction between the pesticide and the nanoparticles. The color of nanoparticles changed during the interactions. A digital camera recorded these changes. The assay provided a unique response for each studied pesticide. This method can determine six individual pesticides including carbaryl, paraoxon, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos. The limit of detection for these pesticides were 29.0, 22.0, 32.0, 17.0, 45.0, and 36.0 ng mL−1, respectively. The assay was applied to simultaneously determine the six studied pesticides in a mixture using the partial least square method (PLS). The root mean square errors of prediction were 11, 8.7, 9.2, 10, 12, and 11 for carbaryl, paraoxon, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos, respectively. The paper-based device can differentiate two types of studied pesticide (organophosphate and carbamate) as well as two types of organophosphate structures (oxon and thion). Furthermore, this sensor showed high selectivity to the pesticides in the presence of other potential species (e.g., metal ions, anions, amino acids, sugar, and vitamins). This assay is capable of determining the pesticide compounds in tap water, apple juice, and rice samples. Keywords Colorimetric detection . Paper-based device . Statistical multivariate analysis . Enzymeless sensors . Sensor array
Introduction Among the different types of pesticides, organophosphates and carbamates are the most used compounds for eliminating insects and increasing the agricultural productivity [1]. However, the pesticide residue contaminates the soil and water, with severe environmental pollution level [1]. Furthermore, humans Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04596-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Hasan Bagheri [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Physics, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
3
Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
are affected by these compounds through inhalation, skin pe
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