A network composed of gold nanoparticles and a poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel for colorimetric determination of ceftriaxon
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A network composed of gold nanoparticles and a poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel for colorimetric determination of ceftriaxone Nahid Pourreza 1 & Matineh Ghomi 1 Received: 8 July 2019 / Accepted: 18 November 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A hydrogel network was prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and borax, and then was modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that were obtained by in-situ nucleation and growth. This modified network is shown to be a viable optical nanoprobe for the drug ceftriaxone (CTRX) in biological samples. The properties and morphology of the modified network were investigated using energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, zeta-sizing and viscosimetry. The UV-vis spectrum was recorded to verify the nanosynthesis of the red AuNPs, and the maximum absorption is found at 517 nm. This AuNP-poly(vinyl alcohol)-borax hydrogel nanoprobe (AuNP/PBH) is introduced as an optical nanoprobe for ceftriaxone in biological samples. The AuNPs have a better ability to attach the sulfur functional groups than amino functional groups. Hence, the probable mechanism is based on the attachment of sulfur functional groups of CRTX structure with AuNPs located in the PBH. As a result of this interaction, the surface plasmon resonance of AuNPs is altered in the presence of CTRX and the absorption of the nanoprobe is decreased at 517 nm. The effects of pH value, borax and PVA concentration were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph is linear in the 1–90 μg mL−1 CTRX concentration range, and the limit of detection is 0.33 μg mL−1. The relative standard deviation for ten replicate measurements of at levels of 20 and 70 μg mL−1 of CTRX was 4.0% and 2.2%, respectively. The nanoprobe was successfully applied to the determination of CTRX in (spiked) serum and urine samples. The performance of the nanoprobe was compared with HPLC method and the results were satisfactory. Keywords AuNPs . Nanoprobe . Hydrogel . Ceftriaxone . Poly(vinyl alcohol) . Colorimetry . Borax
Introduction Antibiotics are utilized in agriculture [1], aquaculture [2], livestock farming [3] and pharmaceutical industries [4]. Although antibiotics are mainly applied to improve the health of animals, humans and plants, an imbalance of resistant genes may occur among animals and humans [5]. This imbalance should be considered as a human alarm, because the resistance toward antibiotics indicates Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-4039-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Nahid Pourreza [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43337, Iran
a decrease in drug effectiveness [6]. Hence, determination of antibiotics and their effects have been a great concern from analytical point of view and various methods have been reported for this purpose [7–10]. Despite the advances ma
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