A Parasitic Antenna with Independent Pattern, Beamwidth and Polarization Reconfigurability
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A Parasitic Antenna with Independent Pattern, Beamwidth and Polarization Reconfigurability Vikas V. Khairnar1 · C. K. Ramesha2 · Lucy J. Gudino3 Accepted: 5 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper, a reconfigurable antenna design is proposed to realize independent pattern, beamwidth and polarization reconfiguration at an operating frequency of 2.45 GHz. This antenna is comprised of a dual coaxial-feed driven element surrounded by four varactor loaded size-tunable parasitic elements. The pattern and beamwidth reconfiguration is achieved by utilizing the mutual coupling between the active and size-tunable parasitic elements. Reconfigurable feeding network is designed and developed to produce two orthogonal linear polarization (LVP, LHP) and circular polarization (LHCP, RHCP) states. In linear polarization operating mode, main beam of the antenna is continuously scanned from 𝜃 = 0 ◦ to 11◦ , 0 ◦ to 32◦ , and 0 ◦ to 40◦ in 𝜙 = ±0◦ , ± 45◦ , and ± 90◦ plane respectively, where 𝜃 and 𝜙 are the beam direction in the elevation and azimuth planes respectively. In circular polarization operating mode, the radiated beam is continuously scanned from 0 ◦ to 30◦ in 𝜙 = ± 0 ◦ , ± 45◦ and ± 90◦ plane respectively with axial ratio less than 3 dB in all the beam scanning directions. In addition to this, 3-dB beamwidth is continuously tuned in the E-plane, H-plane, and both E-plane and H-plane with LVP and LHP operating mode from 66◦ to 152◦ , 60◦ to 108◦ , and 78◦ to 120◦ respectively. Keywords Tunable parasitic element · Mutual coupling · Beam scanning · Tunable beamwidth · Axial ratio · Reconfigurable feeding network
1 Introduction To address the challenges of modern wireless communication technologies, Reconfigurable Antennas (RA) capable of achieving multiple functionalities in a single structure are required. RAs are classified based on the parameter that is reconfigured such as frequency, * Vikas V. Khairnar [email protected]‑pilani.ac.in 1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522 237, India
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Sancoale, Goa, India
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Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, WILP Division, BITS Pilani, Bangalore, India
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pattern, polarization and compound reconfiguration. Compound RA involves simultaneous reconfiguration of two or more parameters such as frequency and pattern, frequency and polarization, pattern and polarization, and frequency, pattern and polarization. The combined pattern and polarization RA has been seen as enabling technology for various wireless communication applications [1]. The pattern reconfiguration is accomplished by numerous methods such as Leaky Wave Antenna (LWA), Frequency Selective Surface (FSS), parasitically coupled antenna elements, Partially Reflective Surface (PRS), etc. It is noted that majority of the pattern RAs
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