A Preliminary Study on the Influence of Cannabis and Opioid Use on Weight Loss and Mental Health Biomarkers Post-weight
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
A Preliminary Study on the Influence of Cannabis and Opioid Use on Weight Loss and Mental Health Biomarkers Post-weight Loss Surgery Denise C. Vidot 1,2
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& Sapna Deo & Sylvia Daunert & Willie L. Joseph & Nestor de la Cruz-Munoz & Sarah E. Messiah
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# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose A subpopulation of weight loss surgery (WLS) patients endorse cannabis and/or opioid use; however, impact on postWLS anxiety and depression is unclear. This study examined the influence of the independent and combined use of cannabis and opioids on (1) depression and anxiety, (2) duodenum serotonin and cortisol, and (3) total percent weight loss. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among patients (N = 18) who had biomarkers of serotonin and cortisol collected from the duodenum during WLS. Cannabis and opioid use was determined by self-reported lifetime, past-year, and past 30-day use. The Beck Anxiety Inventory and Depression Inventory-II assessed depression and anxiety symptoms. Total percent weight loss was calculated from pre-WLS and post-WLS weight (kg). Chi-squared analyses and t tests were conducted. Results Over a quarter (27.8%) were cannabis-only users and 16.7% used a combination of cannabis and opioids. None reported using only opioids in this sample. Combination users presented with greater depressive symptoms (22.7%, p = 0.01) and greater total percent weight loss (34.1%, p = 0.04) than cannabis users (7.8, 23.2%, respectively). Cannabis users had greater serotonin (p = 0.02) and cortisol (p = 0.01) levels than combination users and never users. Conclusions Cannabis users had greater cortisol levels than never users and combination users. Combination users had greater weight loss and depression symptoms than cannabis users. Future studies should consider a larger sample size, utilization of a cohort design to address causality, and examination of the type, dose, and route of cannabis and opioid administration to further understand the impact of the combined use of cannabis and opioids post-WLS. Keywords Cannabis . Opioids . Bariatric surgery . Anxiety . Depression . Cortisol . Serotonin . Duodenum . Gut . Weight loss
Introduction * Denise C. Vidot [email protected] 1
School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Dallas Campus, Dallas, TX, USA
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Center for Pediatric Population Health, UT Health School of Public Health and Children’s Health System of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) reported that about 252,000 patients underwent weight loss sur
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