A Prospective Study of Rumination and Irritability in Youth
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A Prospective Study of Rumination and Irritability in Youth Eleanor Leigh 1,2
&
Ailsa Lee 3 & Hannah M. Brown 3 & Simone Pisano 4,5
&
Argyris Stringaris 6
Accepted: 16 September 2020 / Published online: 1 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Although youth irritability is linked with substantial psychiatric morbidity and impairment, little is known about how personal characteristics influence its course. In this study we examined the prospective associations between angry and depressive rumination and irritability. A sample of 165 school pupils aged 12–14 years were assessed at two time points six months apart. They completed measures of irritability at Times 1 and 2 and depressive and angry rumination at Time 1. In line with our hypotheses, we found that angry rumination is significantly associated with irritability six months later, over and above baseline irritability and depressive rumination. The present findings suggest angry rumination is relevant to the genesis of irritability in adolescents, and point to possible routes for prevention and early intervention. Keywords Adolescence . Irritability . Rumination . Angry rumination
Introduction Irritability in youth is one of the most common reasons for referral to mental health services, a predictor of future depression and suicidality, and associated with role impairment (Stringaris et al. 2018). Yet, it remains to be understood how person-specific characteristics contribute to variation in irritability. We test the hypothesis that increases in adolescent irritability are predicted by the tendency to engage in angry rumination. Irritability, defined as individual differences in proneness to anger (Vidal-Ribas et al. 2016) and a reaction to blocked * Eleanor Leigh [email protected] 1
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
2
OxCADAT, The Old Rectory, Paradise Square, Oxford OX1 1TW, UK
3
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
4
Department of Neuroscience, AORN Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy
5
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
6
Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
goal attainment (RDoC, Insel et al. (2010)), has been the focus of increasing research interest. Paediatric irritability has been linked to the development of a range of internalising disorders, and depression in particular (Stringaris et al. 2009; Stringaris and Goodman 2009; Leibenluft et al. 2006; Krieger et al. 2013). Understanding factors that contribute to the development of irritability may therefore provide opportunity for early prevention and intervention. Person-specific characteristics are likely to contribute to irritability in adolescents. One such candidate characteristic is rumination. Rumination is a repetitive, negative thinking process, that is
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