A real-time DWT and traveling waves-based multi-functional scheme for transmission line protection reinforcement
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A real-time DWT and traveling waves-based multi-functional scheme for transmission line protection reinforcement K. Jnaneswar1 · B. Mallikarjuna2
· S. Devaraj1 · Diptendu Sinha Roy3 · M. Jaya Bharata Reddy1 · D. K. Mohanta4
Received: 29 October 2019 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper presents a multifunctional scheme to reinforce the protection of Extra High Voltage (EHV)/Ultra High Voltage (UHV) transmission lines. The proposed scheme employs d–q transformed traveling waves and the time of incidence of first traveling waves at both ends of the line for fault detection and location respectively. Furthermore, the faults are classified using energy values of approximation coefficients and the phasors are estimated from the approximation coefficients. The traveling waves are nothing but detail coefficients. The detail and approximation coefficients are obtained using discrete wavelet transform multi-resolution analysis (DWT-MRA) of the 3-F current signals. The proposed algorithm detects and locates a fault within a quarter cycle. The proposed scheme has been implemented on a two-bus and the WSCC-9 bus systems in EMTDC/PSCAD software to verify the efficacy and reliability. Also, it has been realized on a laboratory model of an EHV transmission line of length 200 km using NI cDAQ-9178 chassis, NI-9227 current sensor card, and LabVIEW software. The simulation and hardware results evince the protection reinforcing property of the proposed multifunctional scheme. Keywords Traveling waves · Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) · Fault classifications · Fault distance · MRA · EHV/UHV
List of symbols
Subscripts
I Current signal in ampere t 1 and t 2 First incident traveling waves time of arrival at both ends of a protected line in seconds v Velocity of a traveling wave in km/s L Length of the transmission line in km M Estimated fault distance in km
A, B and C d–q set a–c (or) ac N E
A—Phase, B—Phase and C—Phase Direct–quadrature Threshold value Approximation coefficients Neutral Energy value
1 Introduction
B
B. Mallikarjuna [email protected]
1
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 015, India
2
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vishnu Institute of Technology Bhimavaram, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534 202, India
3
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya, Shillong 793003, India
4
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi 835 215, India
In the present era, the power system is being deregulated, across the globe, to meet increasing electricity demand as well to increase economic efficiency. In deregulated environment, to meet the increasing electricity demand, the transmission lines are carrying power at their maximum rating. A large amount of current during unavoidable events like faults on transm
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