A Review on Additive Manufactured Sensors
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REVIEW PAPER
A Review on Additive Manufactured Sensors H. Choudhary, D. Vaithiyanathan and H. Kumar* National Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110 040, India Received: 24 January 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 Ó Metrology Society of India 2020
Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an outstanding technology and performs a significant role in the fabrication of sensors as compared to conventional methods of fabrication, such as subtractive manufacturing. In this review paper, fabrication of general-purpose sensors using traditional manufacturing and 3D printing has been discussed. All possible sensors, including mechanical sensors, electronic sensors, biosensors, and chemical sensors can be fabricated using 3D printing technologies in a cost-effective, rapid and eco-friendly manner. Among various 3D printing technologies, fused deposition modelling and inkjet printing method have been prominently utilized. With the advent of new materials and flexibility in the printing process, these technologies show immense advantages and potential in the development of sensors. Future sensing applications include advanced biosensors for tissue engineering, high-performance sensing capabilities, such as high power sensors and improvement in multifunctional sensors. Keywords: Additive manufacturing; 3D printing; Sensors; Force sensors; FDM; Inkjet printing 1. Introduction Sensors have already gained an imperative role in many application areas, such as biomedical, chemical industry, research field, meteorology and daily life [1]. There are different types of sensors, including temperature and humidity sensors, pressure sensors, gas sensors, capacitive sensors, Hall effect sensors, strain sensors, wearable sensors for human activity monitoring, biosensors, and environmental sensors [2]. Wearable sensors have been utilized frequently in medical, entertainment, security, and commercial applications [2, 3]. Humidity and temperature sensors have been developed with good remote sensing capabilities using fibre optic technologies. Also, they have been improvised to provide better functionality and performance [4–7]. Apart from general applications of sensors, now they are being used for better crop management, and irrigation automation in the field of agriculture [8–10]. Sensors can be fabricated in a precise manner with conventional methods or subtractive manufacturing, such as lithography, laser ablation, etc. Some drawbacks include: time-consuming fabrication process, material wastage and lack of manufacturability [11, 12]. Nowadays, use of additive manufacturing (AM) or three-dimensional (3D)
*Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]
printing technology is steadily increasing to combat these drawbacks. It is a versatile technique that uses physical 3D computer-aided design (CAD) model to create physical objects in a layer by layer fashion. Also it has several attractive features, including mass-customized products, manufacturing of complex structures and fast prototyping, shorter time to market, enha
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