A Review on the Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection: a Mechanistic View
- PDF / 2,945,118 Bytes
- 14 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 70 Downloads / 158 Views
A Review on the Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection: a Mechanistic View Hamid Soltani Zangbar 1,2 & Ali Gorji 3,4,5 & Tahereh Ghadiri 1,5 Received: 30 May 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract There is increasing evidence of neurological manifestations and complications in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). More than one-quarter of patients with COVID-19 developed various neurological symptoms, ranging from headache and dizziness to more serious medical conditions, such as seizures and stroke. The recent investigations introduced hyposmia as a potential early criterion of infection with COVID-19. Despite the high mortality and morbidity rate of COVID-19, its exact mechanism of action and pathogenesis is not well characterized. The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could interact with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the endothelial, neural, and glial cells. In the present study, we reviewed the most common neurological manifestations and complications that emerged after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 and discussed their possible relation to the expression and function of ACE2. Comprehensive and detailed studies are required to uncover how this virus invades the neural system as well as other critical organs. Keywords COVID-19 . ACE2 . Vascular . Brain . Angiotensin . Cytokine
Introduction While the first infection by the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) had emerged in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 has spread fast across several regions, and in less than 1 month after the first report, COVID-19 was an outbreak as well as the first line of the public health concern worldwide. Recent coronavirus is knowns as “the new coronavirus,” “2019-nCoV,” and “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)” [1, 2]. The World Health Organization (WHO) officially renamed the disease as
COVID-19. Coronaviruses (CoVs), such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), can induce miscellaneous systemic infections [3]. CoVs can cross the animal species and in humans may lead to severe morbidity and mortality [4–6]. As of September 5, 2020, approximately 26 million cases of the COVID-19 have been confirmed worldwide, resulting in more than 870,000 deaths worldwide [7]. While the number of confirmed cases is duplicated within a few weeks, it reached ~ 12,500 000 COVID-19 cases in Africa by September 5, 2020 [8].
COVID-19 Genome Structure and Proteins * Tahereh Ghadiri [email protected] 1
Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
3
Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurology and Institute for Translational Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
4
Neuroscience Research Center, Mashh
Data Loading...
