A robust watermarking method for MPEG-4 SLS audio
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A robust watermarking method for MPEG-4 SLS audio Yifan Luo1
· Dezhong Peng1,2,3
Received: 15 December 2019 / Revised: 26 July 2020 / Accepted: 31 July 2020 / © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Audio lossless compression technology has been widely used to provide customers with higher quality music works. The protection of these works becomes very important. However, there are few digital watermarking methods specifically for lossless compressed audio, and the features of the lossless codec have not been used to improve the performance of watermarking. In this research, we propose a robust audio watermarking method to protect the music encoded by MPEG-4 SLS (Scalable Lossless Coding) format and improve the watermark security and robustness in two aspects. We design an adaptive selection method for watermark embedding position to enhance the security. The significant states combinations of consecutive scale factor-bands (SFB) are constructed as the feature data to determine the embedding target SFB. In this way, the embedding SFB adaptively changes with the audio signal variation, so the security improves. Based on the feature of the MPEG4 SLS codec, we design new watermark embedding and extraction methods to improve the robustness. The watermark data are embedded into the target SFB. Meanwhile, the embedding is achieved through changing the probability distributions of Bit-plane coding results, which is stable when the audio faces attacks. The watermark data are extracted by comparing the probability distributions before and after embedding. The probability distributions are stable under attacks, so the robustness improves. The experimental data show that the proposed method can resist conventional signal processing attacks while guaranteeing the imperceptibility. Keywords Audio watermarking · MPEG-4 SLS · Scale factor-band · Bit-plane · Significant state
Yifan Luo
[email protected] Dezhong Peng [email protected] 1
College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
2
Shenzhen Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518052, China
3
College of Computer & Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Multimedia Tools and Applications
1 Introduction With the growth of network bandwidth and the popularity of streaming media, the Internet has become the main channel for the release and sale of multimedia products. However, it also provides opportunities for pirates who can illegally copy and distribute multimedia products on the Internet. Against this background, digital watermarking technology can effectively curb piracy as a means of copyright protection. Many digital watermarking methods have been successfully applied to the copyright protection of images and videos. Luo, An Wei et al. [28] proposed an adaptive and blind image watermarking method based on optimal SVD blocks selection; this method was robust to noise attack, JPEG compression blurring, and sharping attacks. Zhou Nan Run et al. [43] proposed an imperceptible image wa
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