A strategy for synergistic ethanol yield and improved production predictability through blending feedstocks

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Biotechnology for Biofuels Open Access

RESEARCH

A strategy for synergistic ethanol yield and improved production predictability through blending feedstocks Michael Persson*  , Mats Galbe and Ola Wallberg

Abstract  Background:  The integration of first- and second-generation bioethanol processes has the potential to accelerate the establishment of second-generation bioethanol on the market. Cofermenting pretreated wheat straw with a glucose-rich process stream, such as wheat grain hydrolysate, in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process could address the technical issues faced during the biological conversion of lignocellulose to ethanol. For example, doing so can increase the final ethanol concentration in the broth and mitigate the effects of inhibitors formed during the pretreatment. Previous research has indicated that blends of first- and second-generation substrates during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation have synergistic effects on the final ethanol yield, an important parameter in the process economy. In this study, enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation were examined using blends of pretreated wheat straw and saccharified wheat grain at various ratios. The aim of this study was to determine the underlying mechanisms of the synergy of blending with regard to the yield and volumetric productivity of ethanol. Results:  Replacing 25% of the pretreated wheat straw with wheat grain hydrolysate during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was sufficient to decrease the residence time needed to deplete soluble glucose from 96 to 24 h and shift the rate-limiting step from ethanol production to the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis. Further, a synergistic effect on ethanol yield was observed with blended substrates, coinciding with lower glycerol production. Also, blending substrates had no effect on the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis. Conclusions:  The effects of substrate blending on the volumetric productivity of ethanol were attributed to changes in the relative rates of cell growth and cell death due to alterations in the concentrations of substrate and pretreatment-derived inhibitors. The synergistic effect of substrate blending on ethanol yield was attributed in part to the decreased production of cell mass and glycerol. Thus, it is preferable to perform simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with substrate blends rather than pure substrates with regard to yield, productivity, and the robustness of the process. Keywords:  Ethanol, SSF, Substrate blending, Pretreated wheat straw, Saccharified wheat grain, Process integration, Hydrolysis, Fermentation, Blending synergy, Fermentation dynamics

*Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden

Background Bioethanol was estimated to constitute 63% of all biofuel production in 2018 and is expected to continue being an important element in the decarbonization of the transportation sector [1]. The bulk of the