Heterosis for Ethanol Yield and Yield Components in Sweet Sorghum
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Heterosis for Ethanol Yield and Yield Components in Sweet Sorghum Nayara Norrene Lacerda Dura˜es1 • Jose´ Airton Rodrigues Nunes2 • Adriano Teodoro Bruzi3 • Gabrielle Maria Romeiro Lombardi2 • Talieisse Gomes Fagundes2 • Nadia Nardely Lacerda Dura˜es Parrella1 Robert Eugene Schaffert4 • Rafael Augusto da Costa Parrella4
•
Received: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 Ó Society for Sugar Research & Promotion 2020
Abstract The improvement of sweet sorghum for biofuel traits is gaining attention globally because of its promising role in the growth and sustainability of the ethanol production chain. The aim of this study was to assess the heterosis on ethanol yield and related agro-industrial traits in sweet sorghum under tropical conditions. Thirty hybrids were generated from a partial diallel scheme using three juicy stem non-sweet female lines (A) with cytoplasmic male sterility crossed with ten sweet sorghum male fertile restorer lines (R). The hybrids, parental lines, and two checks were evaluated in three environments in Brazil. Heterosis in sweet sorghum was observed for ethanol yield (ETH) and several yield components. Four hybrids showed positive heterosis on the R-line basis for ETH. The heterosis was higher for PH (plant height), GMP (green or fresh biomass production), and tons of brix per hectare. The parental A and R-lines diverged in contributing to the heterosis. The lines BR008A and CMSXS644R have been highlighted for ethanol yield and can be included in future A and R-line development. Keywords Sorghum bicolor Hybrid breeding Cytoplasm male sterility Restorer line
& Jose´ Airton Rodrigues Nunes [email protected] 1
Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Joa˜o Del Rei, Sa˜o Joa˜o Del Rei, MG, Brazil
2
Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
3
Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
4
Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
Introduction The current events of a clean energy crisis, greenhouse gas emissions and increased environmental awareness have drawn attention globally for the development of inexpensive and renewable energy sources such as biofuels from the biomass of plant materials (Reddy et al. 2008; Correa et al. 2019). Among the successful alternatives, sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) appears as a promising source of biomass to enhance the ethanol production chain (Appiah-Nkansah et al. 2019). The ability to accumulate soluble sugars in the stem, the rapid growth cycle, high adaptation to environments with water deficit, ease of mechanization and high biomass yield are features that encourage the use of sweet sorghum as a dedicated biofuel crop, in areas notoriously dominated by corn (Zea mays L.) and sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) industries (Reddy et al. 2005; Regassa and Wortmann 2014; Silva et al. 2017; Jiang et al. 2019). Furthermore, wide phenotypic and molecular variability has been reported in sweet sorghum that support activities of plant improvement (Murray et al. 20
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