A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of characterization of canine parvoviruses 2 prevalent in mainland Chin
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RESEARCH
A systematic literature review and meta‑analysis of characterization of canine parvoviruses 2 prevalent in mainland China Bo Dong1,2,3*, Gaoqiang Zhang1, Jiajia Zhang4, Junyu Bai1 and Weiming Lin1,2,3*
Abstract Background: Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a pathogenic virus that infects dogs, causing a highly infectious disease. Monitoring CPV-2 spread is an important part of prevention; however, the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of CPV-2 have not been systematically evaluated and analyzed in mainland China. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of CPV-2 in domestic dogs in mainland China. Methods: In this study, Chinese and English literature on CPV-2 epidemiology published between January 2006 and December 2019 was evaluated. Regarding meta-analysis, the random-effect model was employed by forest plot with 95% of confidence interval. The number of CPV-2 infections was identified and the pooled prevalence of infection, as well as the epidemiological characteristics, was calculated using meta-analysis. Results: A total of 39 studies (data from 137,844 dogs) met the evaluation criteria and were used in our study. The pooled prevalence of CPV-2 infection in mainland China was 36%. CPV-2 infection were associated with age, breed, sampling season and immunization status, but not with gender, publication time and diagnostic methods. Conclusions: Our results indicated that CPV-2 is prevalent among dogs in China. It is therefore necessary to carry out continuous surveillance and epidemiological studies of CPV-2. In addition, accordingly, effective measures should be taken to prevent the transmission and spread of CPV-2 among the Chinese dog population. Keywords: CPV-2, Systematic review, Meta-analysis Background Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a linear, non-segmented, single-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the family Parvoviridae and causes a highly infectious disease [1]. The main clinical characteristics of CPV-2 infection are acute gastroenteritis symptoms, such as vomiting, fever, leucopoenia, and diarrhoea that affect dogs of different ages, especially for young puppies 6 months and younger [2]. CPV-2 infection is usually acquired through contact with infected dog faeces, vomit, saliva, and contaminated *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 College of Life Science of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
water or food. It was reported that the prevalence of CPV-2 was correlated with age, season, immune status and regional distribution [3]. In addition, the prevalence of CPV-2 also showed seasonal characteristics. Generally speaking, the infection is more serious in the spring, late autumn and early winter [4]. CPV-2 is a potentially fatal pathogen in domestic dogs and other canine species. It may also infect other animals, such as cats because it has evolved into variant types that can infect cats [5
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