Geographical distribution of hyperuricemia in mainland China: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
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(2020) 5:52
REVIEW
Global Health Research and Policy
Open Access
Geographical distribution of hyperuricemia in mainland China: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis Jiayun Huang1†, Zheng Feei Ma1,2*† , Yutong Zhang3, Zhongxiao Wan4, Yeshan Li5, Hang Zhou6,7, Anna Chu8 and Yeong Yeh Lee2,9,10
Abstract Background: Fructose plays an important role in the complex metabolism of uric acid in the human body. However, high blood uric acid concentration, known as hyperuricemia, is the main risk factor for development of gout. Therefore, we conducted an updated meta-analysis on the prevalence and geographical distribution of hyperuricemia among the general population in mainland China using systematic literature search. Methods: Five electronic databases were used to search for relevant articles published until 2019. All calculations were conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. We included 108 eligible articles (172 studies by sex, 95 studies by regions, and 107 studies by study type) and an overall sample size of > 808,505 participants. Results: The pooled prevalence of hyperuricemia among the general population in mainland China was 17.4% (95% CI: 15.8–19.1%). Our subgroup analysis indicated that the pooled prevalence by regions ranged from 15.5 to 24.6%. Those living Northeast region and being males had the highest prevalence (P < 0.001). In addition, some provinces in South Central, East and Northeast regions reported a high prevalence (> 20%), particularly in males. An increasing prevalence was reported since 2005–2009 until 2015–2019. No publication of bias was observed as indicated by a symmetrical funnel plot and Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation (P = 0.392). Conclusion: Prevalence of hyperuricemia is increasing in China, and future studies should investigate the association between the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its risk factors in order to tackle the issue, particularly among the vulnerable groups. Also, our study was the first comprehensive study to investigate the overall prevalence of hyperuricemia in mainland China covering the six different regions. Keywords: Uric acid, Hyperuricemia, Gout, China, Urbanisation
Background High blood uric acid concentration, known as hyperuricemia, is the main risk factor for development of gout [1, 2]. Uric acid is a terminal metabolite of human purine compounds, which is slightly soluble in water and * Correspondence: [email protected] † Jiayun Huang and Zheng Feei Ma contributed equally to this work. 1 Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China 2 School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
easy to form crystals [3, 4]. When uric acid increases to a certain threshold level in the human body, it is considered hyperuricemia [5]. The body has ~ 1200 mg and ~ 600 mg total body pool of exchangeable uric acid in males and females, respectiv
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