A systematic scoping review on natural killer cell function in colorectal cancer
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REVIEW
A systematic scoping review on natural killer cell function in colorectal cancer Fiona S. W. Reid1,2 · Natasha Egoroff1,3 · Peter G. Pockney1,4 · Stephen R. Smith1,4 Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose Natural Killer (NK) cells are a vital part of immune surveillance and have been implicated in colorectal cancer development and prognosis. This systematic review aims to distil the literature on NK cells as it relates to colorectal cancer. Methods All published studies over 10 years relating to NK cells and colorectal cancer were reviewed. All studies publishing in English, searchable via pubmed or through reference review and reporting directly on the nature or function of NK cells in colorectal cancer patients were included. Outcomes were determined as alterations or new information regarding NK cells in colorectal cancer patients. Results Natural killer cells may be implicated in the development of colorectal cancer and may play a role in prognostication of the disease. NK cells are altered by the treatment (both surgical and medical) of colorectal cancer and it seems likely that they will also be a target for manipulation to improve colorectal cancer survival. Conclusions NK cell morphology and function are significantly affected by the development of colorectal cancer. Observation of NK cell changes may lead to earlier detection and better prognostication in colorectal cancer. Further study is needed into immunological manipulation of NK cells which may lead to improved colorectal cancer survival. Keywords MESH · Immunologic surveillance · Colorectal neoplasms · Killer cells · Natural
Introduction Natural Killer (NK) cells are an integral component of the innate immune system. They are a form of cytotoxic lymphocyte that is particularly relevant in immunosurveillance and have the ability to recognise malignant, mutated (or virally infected) host cells. NK cells also recognise tumour cells via a complex interaction with surface molecules. Uniquely among the cells of the immune system, NK cells recognise affected cells that have lost their Major Histocompatibility Complex-1 (MHC
* Fiona S. W. Reid [email protected] 1
Surgical Services, HRMC, John Hunter Hospital, Locked Bag 1, New Lambton, Newcastle, NSW 2310, Australia
2
Western Hospital, Gordon Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia
3
Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Cct, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
4
University of Newcastle, University Dv., Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
1), and are able to kill cells in the absence of antibodies. NK cells bind to these cells, de-granulate and release cytotoxic perforin and granzymes. MHC-1 is a vital receptor which functions both as an identifier of “self” cells and is also pivotal in the role of antigen presentation. This is critical as many cancers down-regulate MHC-1 to evade cytotoxic T cells. Given their pivotal role in immunosurveillance and the increasing global interest in harn
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