Preclinical Evidence of Probiotics in Colorectal Carcinogenesis: A Systematic Review
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Preclinical Evidence of Probiotics in Colorectal Carcinogenesis: A Systematic Review Poliana Guiomar de Ameida Brasiel1 · Sheila Cristina Potente Dutra Luquetti2 · Maria do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio1 · Rômulo Dias Novaes3 · Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves4 Received: 4 September 2019 / Accepted: 9 January 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Colorectal cancer, the second major cause of cancer deaths, imposes a major health burden worldwide. There is growing evidence that supports that the use of probiotics is effective against various diseases, especially in gastrointestinal diseases, including the colorectal cancer, but the differences between the strains, dose, and frequency used are not yet clear. Aims To perform a systematic review to compile the results of studies carried out in animal models and investigated the effect of probiotics on colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods Studies were selected in PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Search filters were developed using three parameters: probiotics, colorectal cancer, and animal model. Results From a structured search, we discovered 34 original articles and submitted them to a risk of bias analysis using SYRCLE’s tool. The studies show a great diversity of models, most were conducted in rats (55.8%) and used 1,2 dimethylhydrazine as the drug to induce colorectal carcinogenesis (61.7%). The vast majority of trials investigated Lactobacillus (64%) and Bifidobacterium (29.4%) strains. Twenty-six (86.6%) studies found significant reduction in lesions or tumors in the animals that received probiotics. The main methodological limitation was the insufficient amount of information for the adequate reproducibility of the trials, which indicated a high risk of bias due to incomplete characterization of the experimental design. Conclusions The different probiotics’ strains showed anti-carcinogenic effect, reduced the development of lesions and intestinal tumors, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity, and reduced fecal bacterial enzymes. Keywords Colorectal neoplasms · Carcinogenesis · Probiotics · Animal model · Systematic review
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-020-06062-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves [email protected] 1
Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
2
Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
3
Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
4
Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
Chronic non-communicable diseases are responsible for the majority of global deaths, and cancer represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cancer incidence i
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