A waste-minimized chemical decontamination process for the decontamination of a nuclear reactor coolant system
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A waste‑minimized chemical decontamination process for the decontamination of a nuclear reactor coolant system Hee‑Chul Eun1 · Sang‑Yoon Park1 · Wang‑Kyu Choi1 · Seon‑Byeong Kim1 · Hui‑Jun Won1 · Na‑On Chang2 · Song‑Bok Lee1 · Jung‑Soon Park3 · Bum‑Kyoung Seo1 · Ki‑Chul Kim4 Received: 24 May 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract The SP-HyBRID process, which has a similar performance to commercial technologies for the decontamination of a nuclear reactor coolant system, can reduce the secondary waste generation significantly. However, the process has a problem of discharging decontamination wastewater every cycle. In this study, an improved SP-HyBRID process that can conduct the process cycles continuously without discharging decontamination wastewater every cycle was designed. It was confirmed that the improved process could be effectively applied to equipment for a decontaminating test of contaminated components, and the waste reduction can be close to 15% when compared with the existing SP-HyBRID process. Keywords Decontamination · Secondary waste generation · SP-HyBRID process · Nuclear facility · Reactor coolant system
Introduction The RCS (reactor coolant system) in a pressurized water reactor is operated under high temperature and pressure conditions [1, 2]. During this operation, corrosion products containing radioactive nuclides such as 58Co and 60Co are deposited in the RCS [3, 4]. These corrosion products cause radiation build-up. As a result, they must be removed to reduce the risk of radiation exposure to workers [4]. Chemical decontamination process as a viable method can be used to resolve the difficulty [1]. The chemical decontamination involves dissolving the corrosion products using a chemical acid formulation as a decontamination solution [5]. Various * Hee‑Chul Eun [email protected] 1
Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok‑daero 989‑111, Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, Wangsimni‑ro 222, Seongdong‑gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daehakro 99, Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
4
Nuclear Power Maintenance Engineering Center, KEPCO KPS, Munsan2Sandan1‑ ro 69‑46, Oedong‑eup, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
chemical decontamination technologies using organic acids such as oxalic acid, citric acid, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) have been developed [3–6]. These organic acids generate chelating ligands during the decontamination [1, 7]. In particular, EDTA used in decontamination technologies forms complexes with radionuclides [8]. These complexes are not easily decomposed, and they increase the possibility of radionuclides leaking into the groundwater [8]. The HP CORD UV (Permanganic acid Chemical Oxidation Reduction Decontamination based on the acid permanganate Ultra-Violet light) process is widely used as
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