A World History of Higher Education Exchange The Legacy of American
“As this encyclopedic work shows, what we do today has deep roots. From the earliest days, international scholars and students were vital parts of the great academies of learning. This History proves they still are.” —Allan E. Goodman, President and
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A World History of Higher Education Exchange
Teresa Brawner Bevis
A World History of Higher Education Exchange The Legacy of American Scholarship
Teresa Brawner Bevis Fayetteville, AR, USA
ISBN 978-3-030-12433-5 ISBN 978-3-030-12434-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12434-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019934151 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Writing from the perspective of the nineteenth century, Horace Mann believed that education, beyond any other device of human origin, was the great equalizer of the conditions of men—the balance-wheel, as he put it, of the social machinery. Mann, the newly appointed secretary of America’s first board of education, was thinking locally but also globally. He would visit every American state to observe its education systems first-hand, and, in 1843, he traveled to Europe with a similar mission. Even then, visionary educators were looking to the future, and the future was international. Two centuries have passed, but his broadly held conviction remains steadfast. Knowledge is a great equalizer, and the migration of education is indeed a balance-wheel of international social machinery. Around this idea has grown a philosophy and a worldwide industry, designed to endorse and advance global scholarship, with the United States its undisputed leader. This book tells that story. To clarify terms and definitions for the reader, a few explanations are due. The terms “foreign student” and “international student” are used interchangeably throughout this text. Until the late twentieth century, the term “foreign” was most-often e
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