Philanthropy and American Higher Education

Philanthropy and American Higher Education provides higher education professionals, leaders and scholars with a thoughtful, comprehensive introduction to the scope and development of philanthropy and fund raising as part of the essential life and work of

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Philanthropy and Education Series Editor Marybeth Gasman, Professor of Higher Education, Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, USA This series highlights first-rate scholarship related to education and philanthropy, attracting the top authors writing in the field. Philanthropy is broadly defined to include time, talent, and treasure. In addition to traditional forms and definitions of philanthropy, the series highlights philanthropy in communities of color as well as philanthropy among women and LGBT communities. Books in the series focus on fundraising as it is an integral part of increasing philanthropy and has an ever-increasing market. Philanthropy in Black Education: A Fateful Hour Creating the Atlanta University System By Vida L. Avery Saving Black Colleges: Leading Change in a Complex Organization By Alvin J. Schexnider Philanthropy and American Higher Education By John R. Thelin and Richard W. Trollinger

Philanthropy and American Higher Education John R. Thelin and Richard W. Trollinger

PHILANTHROPY AND AMERICAN HIGHER EDUCATION

Copyright © John R. Thelin and Richard W. Trollinger, 2014. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-31996-8

All rights reserved. First published in 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States— a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.

ISBN 978-1-349-45757-1 ISBN 978-1-137-31858-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137318589 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Thelin, John R., 1947– Philanthropy and American higher education / John R. Thelin, Richard W. Trollinger. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. College benefactors—History—United States. I. Trollinger, Richard W., 1949– II. Title. LB2336.T47 2014 378.106—dc23

2014009003

A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: August 2014 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Multum Donavit . . . They Gave a Lot To the philanthropists whose gifts, large and small, support higher education

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Contents

Preface

ix

Acknowledgments

xi

About the Authors

xv

Introduction 1 2

Connecting Past and Present: Historical Background on Philanthropy and American Higher Education Giving and Receiving: Major Philosophical Concepts and Theoretical Issues in Philanthropy

1 9 35

3 Philanthropists and Their Foundations

67

4 Endowments: Colleges and the Stewardship of Good Fortune

95

5 6

Government Relations and the Nonprofit