Abnormal steroidogenesis, oxidative stress, and reprotoxicity following prepubertal exposure to butylparaben in mice and
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Abnormal steroidogenesis, oxidative stress, and reprotoxicity following prepubertal exposure to butylparaben in mice and protective effect of Curcuma longa Chaman Ara 1 & Asmatullah 1 & Naila Butt 1 & Shaukat Ali 2
&
Farrah Batool 1 & Hafiz Abdullah Shakir 1 & Aqsa Arshad 1
Received: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Mammalian reproduction is a highly regulated process that can be distorted following exposure to synthetic antimicrobial preservatives like butylparaben (BP). Besides, studies have not investigated the potential antioxidant effects of turmeric on BP-provoked reprotoxicity. The present research was planned on prepubertal mice, orally treated with BP (150 μg/g body weight/day) with and without Curcuma longa (turmeric) (400 μg/mice/day) from postnatal day 35 to 65 routinely. Results showed an insignificant reduction in body weight of both sexes but contrary to these, gonadal weight increased significantly in PB-exposed mice. Additionally, elevated levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone while decreased estrogen levels were observed in BP-treated females against control. Sperm count and motility were disturbed, coupled with abnormal sperm morphology in BP-intoxicated group. These findings were synchronized with a decreased testosterone levels in the same group as compared with control. The follicular count revealed reduction in the number of antral follicles while an increase in empty follicles. The BP also significantly increased lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione content, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities, while the morphometric, biochemical, and histological deviations were less pronounced in the group, which was co-administered with BP and turmeric. Results indicated that turmeric has antioxidant potential to protect BPinduced oxidative stress and reprotoxicity in mice. Keywords Mice . Butylparaben . Curcuma longa . Steroidogenesis . Oxidative stress . Reprotoxicity
Introduction Human fertility is declining worldwide. A notable cause of this progressive loss of fertility is coupled with an increasing body load of environmental toxins. Literature provides convincing evidence that synthetic chemicals in the air, water, and food and in beautifying products are adversely affecting the reproductive ability of organisms in many ways (Pizzorno 2018). Since the last decade, concern has aroused regarding Responsible Editor: Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim * Shaukat Ali [email protected] 1
Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
2
Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
the unfriendly impacts of additives in the form of preservatives. Parabens are a highlighted name among chemical preservatives. There are various forms of parabens like propylparaben, ethylparaben and butylparaben etc. Butylparaben (BP) is extensively con
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