Increased Temperatures Affect Oxidative Stress Markers and Detoxification Response to Benzo[a]Pyrene Exposure in Mussel
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Increased Temperatures Affect Oxidative Stress Markers and Detoxification Response to Benzo[a]Pyrene Exposure in Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Naouel Kamel • Hajer Attig • Alessandro Dagnino Hamadi Boussetta • Mohamed Banni
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Received: 14 April 2012 / Accepted: 19 July 2012 / Published online: 19 August 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract The present research work was designed to study mussel’s (Mytilus galloprovincialis) digestive gland biotransformation and detoxification responses to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) exposure along with heat stress. Mussels were exposed to a sublethal dose of B[a]P [75 nM (19 lg/L/ animal)] ? temperature gradient (18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 °C) for 7 days. B[a]P hydroxylase (BPH) and glutathione-Stransferase (GST) activities were assessed in digestive gland tissues as phase I and phase II biotransformation parameters. Catalase (CAT) activity and malonedialdehyde (MDA) were measured as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The cholinergic system was evaluated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. DNA damage was assessed using micronuclei (MN) test. BPH and GST activities showed a decreasing trend in B[a]P-exposed animals at 24 and 26 °C. CAT activity showed a bell-shaped response in B[a]P-exposed and in heat-stressed organisms at a maximum temperature of 22 °C. AChE activity was significantly inhibited in response to B[a]P being more pronounced at a temperature of 26 °C. MN in digestive gland cells suggest that B[a]P exposure induced significant DNA alteration with a maximum response in organisms coexposed to B[a]P and a temperature of 26 °C. Biomarker data are further discussed in relation B[a]P accumulation in mussels digestive gland. These data should be carefully considered in
N. Kamel H. Attig H. Boussetta M. Banni (&) Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, ISA, Chott-Mariem, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia e-mail: [email protected] A. Dagnino Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Via Bellini 25 G, 15100 Alessandria, Italy
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view of the biological effects of organic pollutants, particularly in organisms under the challenging effects of extreme temperature fluctuations.
Global warming is an emerging threat to ecosystems worldwide (Byrne 2012; Cebrian et al. 2011; Sylvestre et al. 2010). In intertidal habitats, marine organisms, such as mussels, can challenge and sustain seasonal variations in environmental temperature (Banni et al. 2011). Indeed, they can be exposed to extreme temperature fluctuations, with accompanying wide changes in body temperature, within a short period of time during the hot season (Sokolova 2004). Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compound, is classified as a potent carcinogen and/or mutagen (Phillips 1983; Shaw and Connell 1994). Sublethal amounts of B[a]P are commonly found in marine intertidal environments, especially after oil-spill accidents (Volodkovich and Belyae
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