Abundance and distribution characteristics of microplastic in plateau cultivated land of Yunnan Province, China
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Abundance and distribution characteristics of microplastic in plateau cultivated land of Yunnan Province, China Bin Huang 1,2 & Leiye Sun 1 & Mengran Liu 3 & Haiyou Huang 1 & Huan He 1 & Fengxia Han 1,4 Zhixiang Xu 1 & Bei Li 1 & Xuejun Pan 1,2
&
Xiaoxia Wang 1 &
Received: 7 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Microplastic pollution in cultivated soil has received increasing attention recently. There may be more serious microplastic abundance but little research has been done in cultivated soil in plateau areas. To survey the pollution characteristics of microplastics in inland cultivated soil, 100 soil samples collected from 10 counties of Yunnan Province were investigated through density separation and microscopic examination. The research results showed that microplastic abundance was in the range of 0.9 × 103 to 40.8 × 103 particles (kg Ds)−1 with average abundance of 9.8 × 103 particles (kg Ds)−1. Moreover, compared with other studies on sediments, it was found that microplastic abundance in inland soil was one order of magnitude higher than that in offshore sediments. The use of plastic mulch and its long-term residue in cultivated soil was an important reason for microplastic pollution. In this survey, various morphologies of microplastics existed, including fragment (78.3%), transparent/translucency (49.7%), and micro-size microplastics (< 500 μm) (89.3%). And the microplastic morphologies occurred in different degrees of aging phenomenon under the influence of the environment factors such as ultraviolet radiation. The findings provided the pollution status of microplastics in cultivated soil, and more attention should be paid to inland soil microplastic pollution. Keywords Microplastic contamination . Cultivated soil . Spatial distribution . Mulch . Microplastic morphology
Introduction Since Thompson et al. (2004) proposed the concept of microplastic firstly in 2004, microplastics have received
considerable scholarly attention in recent years due to their persistence and suspected bioavailability for organisms in the water and soil environment (Wright et al. 2013; Desforges et al. 2015). Global annual production of plastics
Highlights • This is a systematic survey on microplastic distribution in cultivated lands. • Microplastic pollution generally and seriously occurs in inland soil. • Plastic mulch was confirmed as a main resource of microplastic pollution. • Micro-size (< 500 μm) transparent/translucent fragments were the main morphology. Responsible Editor: Diane Purchase Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10527-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Fengxia Han [email protected] 1
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
2
Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming
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