Spatial distribution and ecological assessment of nickel in sediments of a typical small plateau lake from Yunnan Provin
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Spatial distribution and ecological assessment of nickel in sediments of a typical small plateau lake from Yunnan Province, China Bo Li 1,2,3 & Hang Wang 1,2 & Qingguo Yu 1,2 & Feng Wei 4 & Qi Zhang 5 Received: 17 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nickel (Ni) in small plateau lake sediments plays an important role in influencing the quality of lake ecosystems with a high degree of endemism and toxicity. This paper focuses on the spatial distribution and ecological risks of nickel in the sediments of Jianhu Lake, a small plateau lake in China, and the influence of pH and total organic carbon (TOC) on nickel concentrations. The results showed that average total nickel concentrations were 138.99 ± 57.57 mg/kg (n = 38) and 184.31 ± 92.12 mg/kg (n = 60) in surface sediments (0–10 cm top layer) and sediment cores (0–75 cm depth), respectively, and that the residual fraction was the main form of nickel. Simultaneously, through a semivariogram model, strong spatial dependence among pH, TOC, and the oxidizable fraction was revealed, whereas total nickel, exchangeable and the weak acid soluble fraction, reducible fraction, and residual fraction showed moderate spatial dependence. The vertical distribution revealed that nickel accumulated mainly in the bottom 5 cm (70-75 cm) of the sediment layer and that the pH was higher there, whereas TOC was concentrated mainly in the top 5 cm of sediment. Using geoaccumulation and a potential ecological risk index, moderate nickel pollution and moderate risk levels were found in most surface sediments, but moderate nickel pollution and high risk levels were observed in most sediment cores. In addition, pH and TOC were found to have a strong effect on the distribution and concentration of nickel and its fractions in the small plateau lake. In summary, nickel posed a certain degree of pollution and ecological risk, which deserves attention in the sediments of small plateau lakes. Keywords Jianhu Lake . Heavy metal . Nickel . Spatial dependence . Ecological risk . Pollution source
Introduction In comparison to lakes in other parts of China, the plateau lakes in Yunnan Province have received a certain amount of Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Qingguo Yu [email protected] 1
College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
2
National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Kunming 650224, China
3
Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
4
College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
5
College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
international research attention, which has led to extensive studies of migratory water birds, invasive fishes, hydrological fluctuations, and the interaction of climate, human, and the environment over the last several decades (Quan et al. 2002; Dearing et al. 2008;
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